Difference between revisions of "Aluminum"

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cryst=Face centered cubic                                                                                                                                            |
 
cryst=Face centered cubic                                                                                                                                            |
 
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'''Aluminium''' (In USA '''Aluminum''') is a Poor Metal in group 13.
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'''Aluminium''' (in the USA '''Aluminum''') is a Poor Metal in group 13.
 
It has a Face centered cubic crystalline structure.
 
It has a Face centered cubic crystalline structure.
 
This element has a stable isotope of 27
 
This element has a stable isotope of 27
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== Lunar use ==
 
== Lunar use ==
  
Since there is no evidence of any substantial deposits of copper ore on Luna, substitutes will be used.  Aluminium can be used as an [[electrical conductor]] in areas of human habitationAluminium and a number of other substitutes can serve in vacuum, inert atmosphere or reducing atmosphere environments as might be used in lunar industry. Other uses will include the construction of structures, solar power systems and relay satellites.
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Since there is no evidence of any substantial deposits of copper ore on Luna, substitutes for [[electrical conductor|electrical wiring]] will be required. Aluminum makes an excellent substitute, being currently used for this purpose in many terrestrial applicationsAluminum is also useful in construction of mirrors for solar collection and reflective coatings for spacecraft, as aluminum is an excellent reflector of both visible and infrared light. Aluminum's high thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance make it useful for the production of heat sinks and heat exchangers, and its high strength and low density make it useful for the production of lightweight components for spacecraft, satellites, and lunar structures.
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One difficulty in using aluminum on the Moon is its large increase in length with increasing temperature.  The large range of day/night temperatures make this particularly important. Aluminum components in a lunar environment would need to be thermally protected to avoid these effects.<ref>http://www.permanent.com/l-minera.htm#aluminum</ref> Another difficulty in the use of aluminum is that aluminum alloys lack a well defined fatigue limit, meaning they will eventually fail from even small stresses given sufficient time. It is for this reason that [[titanium]] is generally favored over aluminum for lightweight load bearing components in terrestrial applications, aluminum being reserved for other, less stressed components.  
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Aluminum can also be used in locally produced rocket fuel. See [[In-Situ Propellant Production]].  
 
   
 
   
According to PERMANENT, the most significant difficulty in using aluminum on the Moon is its large increase in length with increasing temperature.  The large range of day/night temperatures make this particularly important.  <ref>http://www.permanent.com/l-minera.htm#aluminum</ref>''
 
 
 
== Lunar Aluminium Production ==
 
== Lunar Aluminium Production ==
 
''<small>
 
''<small>
 
Main article: [[Lunar Aluminium Production]]</small>''
 
Main article: [[Lunar Aluminium Production]]</small>''
  
Lunar Aluminium production could use an adaptation of the Hall-Héroult or Deville process.
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Lunar Aluminium Production could use an adaptation of the Hall-Héroult or Deville process. Alternatives include ion-sputtering, carbothermal reduction, or an adaptation of the [[FFC Cambridge Process]].
 
 
Hall-Héroult process in Earth is the electrolysis of molten alumina (bauxite processed in the Bayer process) with cryolite (Sodium hexafluoroaluminate).
 
 
 
It is critical to find fluorine on the moon in order to produce artificial cryolite for the Hall-Heroult process on the moon.
 
 
 
Other options are importing fluorine which would be stringently recycled and an ion-sputtering process to produce aluminium.  Al<sub>2</sub>0<sub>3</sub> and carbon can be processed at high temperatures into Al<sub>4</sub>C<sub>3</sub>.<ref> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium ''Aluminum'' section ''Production and refinement''] </ref>
 
<ref> [http://www.moonminer.com/Lunar_Aluminum.html ''Lunar Aluminum'' at ''Moondust index''] </ref>  This breaks down into Aluminium and Carbon between 1900 and 2000 centigrade.  Carbon monoxide given off in processing<ref> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminum_carbide ''Aluminium carbide'' at ''Wikipedia''] </ref> can be recycled into carbon.
 
 
 
  
 
== See Also ==
 
== See Also ==

Revision as of 21:47, 27 May 2012

Aluminium
Al
In situ availability: abundant
Necessity: useful
Atomic number: 13
Atomic mass: 26.981538
group: 13
period: 3
normal phase: Solid
series: Poor Metals
density: 2.70 g/cm3
melting point: 933.47K,
660.32°C,
1220.58°F
boiling point: 2792K,
2519°C,
4566°F
N/ABC
Mg ← Al → Si
ZnGaGe
Atomic radius (pm): 125
Bohr radius (pm): 118
Covalent radius (pm): 118
Van der Waals radius (pm):
ionic radius (pm): (+3) 54
1st ion potential (eV): 5.99
Electron Configuration
1s2
2s2 2p6
3s2 3p1
Electrons Per Shell
2, 8, 3
Electronegativity: 1.61
Electron Affinity: 0.44
Oxidation states: 3
Magnetism: Paramagnetic
Crystal structure: Face centered cubic

Aluminium (in the USA Aluminum) is a Poor Metal in group 13. It has a Face centered cubic crystalline structure. This element has a stable isotope of 27

"Aluminum is a comparatively new industrial metal that has been produced in commercial quantities for just over 100 years. It weighs about one-third as much as steel or copper; is malleable, ductile, and easily machined and cast; and has excellent corrosion resistance and durability. Measured either in quantity or value, aluminum's use exceeds that of any other metal except iron, and it is important in virtually all segments of the world economy. Some of the many uses for aluminum are in transportation (automobiles, airplanes, trucks, railcars, marine vessels, etc.), packaging (cans, foil, etc.), construction (windows, doors, siding, etc), consumer durables (appliances, cooking utensils, etc.), electrical transmission lines, machinery, and many other applications."- USGS Aluminum Statistics and Information. [1]

Lunar use

Since there is no evidence of any substantial deposits of copper ore on Luna, substitutes for electrical wiring will be required. Aluminum makes an excellent substitute, being currently used for this purpose in many terrestrial applications. Aluminum is also useful in construction of mirrors for solar collection and reflective coatings for spacecraft, as aluminum is an excellent reflector of both visible and infrared light. Aluminum's high thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance make it useful for the production of heat sinks and heat exchangers, and its high strength and low density make it useful for the production of lightweight components for spacecraft, satellites, and lunar structures.

One difficulty in using aluminum on the Moon is its large increase in length with increasing temperature. The large range of day/night temperatures make this particularly important. Aluminum components in a lunar environment would need to be thermally protected to avoid these effects.[2] Another difficulty in the use of aluminum is that aluminum alloys lack a well defined fatigue limit, meaning they will eventually fail from even small stresses given sufficient time. It is for this reason that titanium is generally favored over aluminum for lightweight load bearing components in terrestrial applications, aluminum being reserved for other, less stressed components.

Aluminum can also be used in locally produced rocket fuel. See In-Situ Propellant Production.

Lunar Aluminium Production

Main article: Lunar Aluminium Production

Lunar Aluminium Production could use an adaptation of the Hall-Héroult or Deville process. Alternatives include ion-sputtering, carbothermal reduction, or an adaptation of the FFC Cambridge Process.

See Also

Electrical Conductors

Lunar Aluminium Production

References



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