Bismuth

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Bismuth
Bi
In situ availability:
Necessity:
Atomic number: 83
Atomic mass: 208.98038
group: 15
period: 6
normal phase: Solid
series: Poor Metals
density: 9.78 g/cm3
melting point: 544.7K,
271.5°C,
520.7°F
boiling point: 1837K,
1564°C,
2847°F
SnSbTe
Pb ← Bi → Po
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Atomic radius (pm): 160
Bohr radius (pm): 143
Covalent radius (pm): 146
Van der Waals radius (pm):
ionic radius (pm): (+3) 103
1st ion potential (eV): 7.29
Electron Configuration
1s2
2s2 2p6
3s2 3p6 3d10
4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14
5s2 5p6 5d10
6s2 6p3
Electrons Per Shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
Electronegativity: 1.9
Electron Affinity: 0.95
Oxidation states: 3, 5
Magnetism: Diamagnetic
Crystal structure: Rhombohedral

Bismuth is a Poor Metal in group 15. It has a Rhombohedral crystalline structure. This element has no stable isotopes. However, its longest lived isotope (209Bi) has a half-life of about 1.9*1019 years or ten-thousand-million-billion years. That is a time so long that only a small fraction of all of the bismuth that has ever been has decayed in the time that the universe has existed. Before French researchers measured the alpha particles given off given off by the decay of bismuth-209 in 2003 this isotope was generally regarded as stable with only theoretical reasons for thinking that it should be unstable. It is stable enough to be used in the antidiarrheal medicine Pepto-Bismol and in the bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide family of superconducting alloys.




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