Titanium

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Titanium
Ti
In situ availability: abundant
Necessity:
Atomic number: 22
Atomic mass: 47.867
group: 4
period: 4
normal phase: Solid
series: Transition Metals
density: 4.506 g/cm3
melting point: 1941K,
1668°C,
3034°F
boiling point: 3560K,
3287°C,
5949°F
N/AN/AN/A
Sc ← Ti → V
YZrNb
Atomic radius (pm): 140
Bohr radius (pm): 176
Covalent radius (pm): 136
Van der Waals radius (pm):
ionic radius (pm): (+4) 61
1st ion potential (eV): 6.83
Electron Configuration
1s2
2s2 2p6
3s2 3p6 3d2
4s2
Electrons Per Shell
2, 8, 10, 2
Electronegativity: 1.54
Electron Affinity: 0.08
Oxidation states: 4
Magnetism: Paramagnetic
Crystal structure: Hexagonal

Titanium is a Transition Metal in group 4. It has a Hexagonal crystalline structure. This element has two stable isotopes: 46 and 50.

"Titanium occurs primarily in the minerals anatase, brookite, ilmenite, leucoxene, perovskite, rutile, and sphene. Of these minerals, only ilmenite, leucoxene, and rutile have significant economic importance. As a metal, titanium is well known for corrosion resistance and for its high strength-to-weight ratio. Approximately 95% of titanium is consumed in the form of titanium dioxide (TiO2), a white pigment in paints, paper, and plastics. TiO2 pigment is characterized by its purity, refractive index, particle size, and surface properties. To develop optimum pigment properties, the particle size is controlled within the range of about 0.2 to 0.4 micrometer. The superiority of TiO2 as a white pigment is due mainly to its high refractive index and resulting light-scattering ability, which impart excellent hiding power and brightness." - USGS Titanium Statistics and Information[1]

Titanium's low weight, high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and good fatigue endurance make it an excellent material to work with in a lunar environment, whether for building spacecraft, lunar habitats, machinery, or industrial processing equipment. It is expected that titanium production will be a very important component of any lunar colonization effort.


See Also

Lunar Titanium Production