Lunarpedia - User contributions [en]

Lunarpedia:Privacy policy

2007-10-15T05:43:17Z

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acelorrac
dronerdelcna
letocnar

Category:Undescribed Categories

2007-10-15T05:43:07Z

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domric
roc4tnoellie
{{Undescribed}}

[[Category:Maintenance]]

Category:Online Communities

2007-10-15T05:42:21Z

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booloric
{{Undescribed}}

[[Category:Main]]

Category:Experiments

2007-10-15T04:40:38Z

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letore
[[Category:Selenology]]
[[Category:Hardware]]

Gabbro

2007-10-15T04:40:26Z

129.123.104.8:

elsitdr
{{subminimal}}
A dark, coarse-grained [[exd:intrusive|intrusive]] igneous rock. Gabbro is made of [[calcium]]-rich [[plagioclase]], with [[amphibole]] and/or [[pyroxene]], and is chemically equivalent to [[basalt]].

[[Category:Selenology]]

List of Areas of Research

2007-10-15T04:40:14Z

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orcnacb
{{Bootstrap}}

[[Lava Tube Research]]
*Location Mapping Research
*Interior Mapping
*Possible lavatubes in buried lavaflow layers
[[Gas Pockets]] -- theoretical 
[[Lunar Volcanism]] -- theoretical 
[[Solar Wind Volatiles]]
*Identification of areas of regolith enriched in specific elements
*Coldtrap ice deposits mapping
[[Economic Selenography]] 
[[Preservation Sites]] 
[[Energy Generation]] 
[[Nightspan Storage]] 
[[Helium-3 extraction]] 
[[Lunar Solar Power Arrays]] 
[[Energy efficiency research]] 
[[Lunar Astronomy]] 
[[Lunar SETI]] 
[[Farside Radio Astronomy]] 
[[Lunar Optical Astronomy]] 
[[Lunar Amateur Astronomy]] 
[[Lunar Appropriate Research and Development]] 
[[Mining and Processing Technologies Research]] 
[[Production-scale Chemical Processing Systems]] 
[[Element Production Suites]] 
[[Glass]] 
[[Ceramics]] 
[[Cement]] 
[[Metal Alloy]] 
[[Alloying and Coloring Agents Production]] 
[[Lunar-Deficient Elements]] 
[[Stowaway Imports]] 
[[Asteroidal Resources]] 
[[Cometary Resources]] 
[[Martian Area Resources]] 
[[Satellite Systems]] 
[[Communications]] 
[[Global Positioning]] 
[[Search and Rescue]] 
[[Orbital Research]] 
[[Pharmaceutical Production]] 
[[Lunar Biospherics]] 
[[Modular Biospherics]] 
[[Air Refreshing Systems]] 
[[Water Recycling Systems]] 
[[Specialized Climate Options]] 
[[Environmental Protection Protocols]] 
[[Enterprise Formation and Assistance]] 
[[Consumer Goods and Services]] 
[[Motive Power System Research]]
*Dust Engine research
*Local power beam networks
*Lunar skimmer research
[[Lunar Produced Fuels]]
*Solar
*Chemical
*Nuclear

[[Category:Selenology]]

Category:ISRU

2007-10-15T04:39:25Z

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actaviace
[[Category:Settlement]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]
[[Category:Selenology]]
[[Category:Mining]]

Help:Contents

2007-10-15T04:38:52Z

129.123.104.8:

zelcoel
varacel
varboalbod
monvivarpasa
reltrpa
ricbasmo
rolcooloropa
zeltrc
eltrolb
nocnaelbasl
zelzelol
boroldarre
dronacchisi
bororelnoo
chivaroud
letoro
geterroc4tal
'''Quick Help to Get You Started'''

<BIG>[[Lunarpedia:Messy_Article_Tutorial|'''Messy Article Creation''']]</BIG> 
When you want to get started but don't have time to learn the formatting rules.

<BIG>[[Lunarpedia:MediaWiki formatting|'''Minimal Formatting Guide''']]</BIG> 
When you have just a little time to look at formatting rules.

<BIG>[[Lunarpedia:Using_Ref_tags|'''Using <nowiki><ref></nowiki> tags in your document''']]</BIG>
When you want or need to provide your sources.

'''Not-So-Quick Help'''

<BIG>[[Help:Maintenance and Setup|'''Maintenance and Setup Help''']]</BIG> 
This FAQ from the MediaWiki site covers many maintenance and setup issues.

'''Specialized Help'''

<BIG>[[Lunarpedia:Wikipedia Import|'''Wikipedia Import Help''']]</BIG> 
How to bring a Wikipedia article here without violating the GNU FDL.

<BIG>[[Lunarpedia:Offsite_Links_In_Sidebar|'''Offsite Links In Sidebar''']]</BIG> 
A short How-To for when you need to create an offsite link in the sidebar.

<BIG>[[Lunarpedia:External_Links_In_New_Window|'''External Links In New Window''']]</BIG> 
How to make '''all''' external links open in a new browser window.

[[Category:Help]]

Lunarpedia:Privacy policy

2007-10-15T04:38:25Z

129.123.104.8:

dronerdelcna
letocnar

Lunar Prospector

2007-10-15T04:38:13Z

129.123.104.8:

racalri
vililir
'''Lunar Prospector''' was a US probe to orbit the moon. It was the first mission in the [[NASA]] ''Discovery'' series of small science missions.

Dr. [[Alan B. Binder]] was Principal Investigator of the [[Lunar Prospector]] spacecraft.

==External Links==
*[http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/ Lunar Prospector home page at NASA Ames]
*[http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunarprosp.html Lunar Prospector data sheet from NASA Goddard]
*[http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/ice/ice_moon.html discovery of ice at the lunar poles by Lunar Prospector]]
 
 
{{Mission Stub}}
 
[[Category:Missions]]
[[Category:Spacecraft]]
[[Category:Probes]]
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Selenology]]

Category:Selenology

2007-10-15T04:38:01Z

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eltroo
Geology, structure, composition, minerology, magnetics, surveys, solar wind volatile concentrations, mineral concentrations, and gravity of the moon as well as other features of interest.

Also the name of the Journal of the American Lunar Society.
[[Category:Main]]

{{CreateCat}}

Solar Power

2007-10-15T04:23:50Z

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vicacba
An attractive source for power on the Moon is the Sun. Solar is particularly inviting in the polar regions where mountain tops are available that have solar views 75% to 99% of the time. The sun light is not diminished by an atmosphere and is never blocked by clouds. It is harsh and unrelenting.

From the surface of the Moon, the Sun appears to move slowly across the sky making a full cycle every 29 days. On rare occasions it is eclipsed by the Earth for a few minutes.

At the poles, the Sun simply circles the sky very near the horizon. At its lowest point it may be blocked by mountain tops. Other times it may be blocked by local instillations such as other power collectors.

Near the lunar equator, the Sun is visible only one half the time. The 14 day lunar nights are a major problem for power generation and are a major factor in setting a polar location for the first lunar settlement.

There are basically two types of solar power, [[Solar Dynamic]] (SD) and [[Photovoltaic]] (PV).

SD uses a heat cycle to drive a piston or a turbine which connects to a generator or dynamo. Two popular cycles for Solar Dynamic are [[Brayton Cycle]] or [[Stirling Cycle]]. Solar Dynamic systems employ a large reflector to focus sunlight to a high concentration to achieve a high temperature for the heat cycle to operate at highest possible efficiency.

PV uses semiconductors (e.g. Silicon or Gallium Arsenide) to directly convert sunlight photons into electric potential. Commonly know as âSolar cellsâ

==Comparison of PV versus SD==

===PV Problems===

The main problem with solar power is that Photovoltaic conversion efficiency is only about 15-20% efficient (for lower-cost single juntion cell technologies), and 25-30% efficient (for higher-priced multijunction PV cells). While on a power per unit mass (''specific power'') basis, photovoltaic cells are one of the lowest-mass power supplies avalable, PV cells are nevertheless rather heavy to ship from Earth and to soft land on Luna is very expensive.

===SD Problems===

SD has a much more severe pointing requirement than PV because it needs to maintain an accurate optical focus.

If a PV array drifts off a few degrees, the power level drops a few percent.

If a SD array drifts off a few degrees, the power level drops off to zero.

==Space Based Solar power==

Until [[ISRU]] manufacturing is online, [[Solar Power Satellites]] (SPS) represent a more economic means of supplying large scale basebar power on the Moon in the early days.

Compared to PV or SD systems, an SPS rectenna by itself is lightweight and has a conversion efficiency of over 90%.

Let us assume a PV array is 10 times heavier per watt than a rectenna.

That means we can get 5*10 = 50 times as much power per kilogram for a rectenna than for a PV array. That means a rectenna will be at least 50 times cheaper per watt of useful power than PV array. "At least" because the manufacturing cost of a rectenna will be much cheaper than for PV array.

Soft landing hardware on to the Moon is very expensive, so weight is at a premium.

Hence space based solar power is attractive, where the PV (or SD) array remains in orbit, and a recetenna or receiver is soft landed on to the surface of the Moon.

Two different orbital locations have been studied

===Option 1) Located at [[GFDL:Lagrangian point|Lagrange Libration points]]===

The distance from L1 to Luna is about the same as the distance from Earth to a geostationary satellite.

[[image:Lagrange_A.jpg|thumb|200 px|right|Lagrangian points in a two body system]]
[[image:Lagrange_B.jpg|thumb|200 px|right|Lagrangian points and force contour]]

So one could put an SPS at lunar-L1 and beam microwaves from there to supply one or more rectennas on the Moon as a very efficient way to provide energy to a power hungry moon base.

The sun angle across PV arrays on the lunar surface constantly changes, and is usually less than the 1,360 w/m^2. To maintain constant max power the PV array must have
expensive and heavy steering equipment. Whereas a rectenna does not need to be steered, and always gets maximum power.

The ideal site for the lunar rectenna would be in [[Sinus Medii]] at the Lunar 0-Longitude point on the Lunar Equator, in the middle of the side which faces the Earth.

1) Because it is directly below the L-1 point,
2) it is the closest point on the lunar surface to the L-1 point,
3) Because at that point the lunar surface is at right angles to
the incoming microwave beam.

All these factors permit the smallest rectenna at that location.

Without making any modifications at all to that very SPS, it could easily be maneuvered from L1 to GEO to feed a terrestrial ground based rectenna. The antenna design for L-1 to Luna will work equally well from GEO to Earth

===Option 2) Molniya Satellites===

This option would be to have a large constellation of several [[Molniya]] type low orbiting power satellites in elliptical polar orbits.

At the 2007 Rutgers Symposium, Brandhorst et al<ref>[http://www.lunarbase.rutgers.edu/presentations/Brandhorst.ppt A Solar Electric Propulsion Mission with Lunar Power Beaming.]Henry W. Brandhorst, Jr., Julie A. Rodiek and Michael S. Crumpler ...</ref><ref>[http://lunarbase.rutgers.edu/files/Symposium_Speaker_List.doc A Solar Electric Propulsion Mission with Lunar Power Beaming. 36, 23, ]Rodiek et al...</ref> proposed beaming power to the lunar surface using lasers from lunar satellites in Molniya orbits.

==[[Lasers]] versus [[Microwaves]]==

The ideal frequency to use for lunar power beaming has not been definitively established. Microwave frequencies of 2Ghz and 5GHz have been proposed. But lasers are an alternative. In the lunar environment it is a vacuum, so absorption by atmospheric water vapor and other gases are not a factor, allowing greater choice of frequencies than for beaming power down to Earth.

Pros and cons:

===Rectenna versus PV array===

Microwave rectenna converts microwave to DC at about 90% efficiency, compared to about 50% efficiency for PV conversion of laser to DC.

===Klystron versus Laser===

Klystron converts Dc to microwave at about 90% efficiency, compared to about 50% efficiency for Laser DC to light.

===Thermal Problems===

The laser method suffers from major thermal problems versus microwave. Rejecting the large amount of waste heat will require large heavy thermal radiators which will add significantly to the launch costs.

===Transmitter Antenna Problems===

Microwave antenna, depending on frequency, will need very large aperture transmitter antenna, and even larger diameter rectenna array. A laser would be much smaller and more compact, and so would the receiving PV array

===Overall Comparison===

At this time no definitive work has been published to show whether the larger radiators of the laser system would outweigh the larger antennas of the microwave system.

==Lunar Solar power==
Once lunar development is under way, one potential major lunar export could be lunar-produced energy. With in-situ manufactured solar panels on the lunar surface, more power could easily be produced than is needed for lunar activities; this power could be beamed via microwave or laser systems to where it's needed in near-Earth space, or to Earth itself. Such a system has been described in detail by [[David Criswell]] as the solution to Earth's future energy problems.

Advantages of the Lunar Solar Power System:
* No need to launch massive solar panels into orbit from Earth or Moon once the initial lunar manufacturing is established; only minimal launch requirements to build the system out.
* Provides stable base line for synchronizing and precisely targeting power beams
* All the usual advantages of solar power satellites, over normal Earth sources of energy

Disadvantages:
* the lunar surface rotates under the Sun, just as Earth does, so the LSP solar panels would only be in sunlight for half the lunar month.
* significant technology development is needed on automating production of solar panels from lunar soil, and related space manufacturing issues.

==References==

<references/>

[[Category:Power Supply]]

{{Cleanup}}

Help:Contents

2007-10-15T04:23:20Z

129.123.104.8:

varacel
varboalbod
monvivarpasa
reltrpa
ricbasmo
rolcooloropa
zeltrc
eltrolb
nocnaelbasl
zelzelol
boroldarre
dronacchisi
bororelnoo
chivaroud
letoro
geterroc4tal
'''Quick Help to Get You Started'''

<BIG>[[Lunarpedia:Messy_Article_Tutorial|'''Messy Article Creation''']]</BIG> 
When you want to get started but don't have time to learn the formatting rules.

<BIG>[[Lunarpedia:MediaWiki formatting|'''Minimal Formatting Guide''']]</BIG> 
When you have just a little time to look at formatting rules.

<BIG>[[Lunarpedia:Using_Ref_tags|'''Using <nowiki><ref></nowiki> tags in your document''']]</BIG>
When you want or need to provide your sources.

'''Not-So-Quick Help'''

<BIG>[[Help:Maintenance and Setup|'''Maintenance and Setup Help''']]</BIG> 
This FAQ from the MediaWiki site covers many maintenance and setup issues.

'''Specialized Help'''

<BIG>[[Lunarpedia:Wikipedia Import|'''Wikipedia Import Help''']]</BIG> 
How to bring a Wikipedia article here without violating the GNU FDL.

<BIG>[[Lunarpedia:Offsite_Links_In_Sidebar|'''Offsite Links In Sidebar''']]</BIG> 
A short How-To for when you need to create an offsite link in the sidebar.

<BIG>[[Lunarpedia:External_Links_In_New_Window|'''External Links In New Window''']]</BIG> 
How to make '''all''' external links open in a new browser window.

[[Category:Help]]

Lunarpedia:Autostub1

2007-10-13T18:53:01Z

129.123.104.8:

olorol
'''Autostub1''' is a script intended to generate over 9,300 location articles: sectors and also craters, maria, rille, and everything else in the available public domain database.

==Specifications==
{{Cleanup Section}}
These are incomplete and based on what has been targeted for work to date.

===Sectors===
{{Spec Melt}}
Sectors, aside from two exceptional cases (the poles), are 15 degrees by 15 degrees. The equator has a single ring of sectors between 7.5N and 7.5S. The two polar sectors are 15 degrees in diameter. The sectors line up horizontally against 267.2(double-check needed)E Mean Earth, or 0 degrees Mare Orientale.

===Features===

===Lunar Feature Articles===
Box: Image:Mare Orientale Map GA03 400 8bit.png
Name (from database column 2)
Category (from column 23)
Origin (from column 24)
Map (see Map:Features below)
Coordinates in Mean Earth and Mare Orientale coordinates
Diameter (size?) (from column 10)
Approval status (from columns 18 and 19)

Description: givig rough simple location description, type of feature, what sector it is centered in and if the calculation says it's probably wholly within the sector.

Also give alist of sectors that portions of the feature may be located in.

If the feature is a major crater, give a list of satellite craters.

If the feature is a satellite crater, give a link to its major crater.

Give list of references listed in column 21 of the database.

===Lunar Sector Articles===
There is a sector box from a template. The box is presently specified to list both Mean Earth and Mare Orientale coordinates, but with a change of the template all sector articles could display only one or the other, or change the way in which the information of both is presented.

At the top of the box is the sector designation, which is presently no longer specified, as it would be good to have a naming system that not only doesn't present a point location to represent a far larger area, but also doesn't invoke either Mare Orientale or Mean Earth as its definitive basis.

Below is a map as specified in Maps:Sector below.

Below the map is the center coordinates in both Mean Earth and Mare Orientale.

Below is a list of adjoining sectorImage:Mare Orientale Map GA03 400 8bit.pngs. Four for all non-polar sectors and twenty-four for the poles.

The article text begins with a rough, simple description of where the sector is.

Places of interest are listed, including features centered inside the sector and features that may be in the sector but are centered elsewhere.

Another section should include surveys and landings, with where to click to get specific geological information. The mechanism to do this is not yet worked out.

===Maps===

====Source====
{{Spec Melt}}
Three source maps are needed. One for the 25 northernmost sectors, one for the 25 southernmost sectors, and one for all other sectors. Feature edge cases should probably be served by an outer portion of the relevant polar map.

The polar source maps are not yet produced. A smaller version of the main source map can be found [[:Image:Mare Orientale Map GA03 400 8bit.png|here]]. The full-sized single layer version is 7200 by 2700 pixels and 40 MB compressed. It is calibrated for Mare Orientale coordinates.

====Sector====
Sector maps from the main source maps are square sections. The solution for polar and near-polar sector maps is not yet determined. While the Python Image Library can support adding text to images, no specifications for adding text to the map have yet been worked out.

====Feature====
Feature maps use the diameter to estimate the size of the map to be generated. Features below a to be determined size will not be feasible to include maps for from the source maps.

===Output===
Output is to be in the format used for exporting and importing articles between MediaWiki installations. Each output xml file should be below 2MB (or a to-be-determined more precise size target) to minimize difficulty importing. Test1 was imported in this manner.

===Database===
The database formatting is outside of the control of this specification. The database was created by the [[USGS]].

{| STYLE = "background:black;color:white"
|- STYLE = "background:#BFBFBF;color:black"
| Variable(s)
| column
| description
|- STYLE = "background:white;color:black"
| STYLE = "color:#7F7F7F" | ''unused''
| 00
| system (will always be 'Earth')
|- STYLE = "background:#FFFFEF;color:black"
| STYLE = "color:#7F7F7F" | ''unused''
| 01
| satellite (will always be 'Moon')
|- STYLE = "background:white;color:black "
| '''name''' ''used for: mapname''
| 02
| name of feature
|- STYLE = "background:#FFFFEF;color:black"
| '''Lat''' ''used for: lat me_coord mo_coord inSector sectors localeDescr''
| 03
| USGS latitude
|- STYLE = "background:white;color:black"

| ''used for: me_long mo_long me_coord mo_coord inSector sectors localeDescr''
| 04
| USGS longitude
|- STYLE = "background:#FFFFEF;color:black"
| STYLE = "color:#7F7F7F" | ''unused''
| 05
| starting latitude (never provided, unfortunately)
|- STYLE = "background:white;color:black"
| STYLE = "color:#7F7F7F" | ''unused''
| 06
| ending latitude (never provided, unfortunately)
|- STYLE = "background:#FFFFEF;color:black"
| STYLE = "color:#7F7F7F" | ''unused''
| 07
| starting longitude (never provided, unfortunately)
|- STYLE = "background:white;color:black"
| STYLE = "color:#7F7F7F" | ''unused''
| 08
| ending longitude (never provided, unfortunately)
|- STYLE = "background:#FFFFEF;color:black"
| STYLE = "color:#7F7F7F" | ''unused''
| 09
| DIR (???)
|- STYLE = "background:white;color:black"
| '''dia''' ''used for: sectors''
| 10
| diameter in klicks
|- STYLE = "background:#FFFFEF;color:black"
| STYLE = "color:#7F7F7F" | ''unused''
| 11
| CT (country of discovery?)
|- STYLE = "background:white;color:black"
| STYLE = "color:#7F7F7F" | ''unused''
| 12
| Continent (of discovery?)
|- STYLE = "background:#FFFFEF;color:black"
| STYLE = "color:#7F7F7F" | ''unused''
| 13
| ET (???)
|- STYLE = "background:white;color:black"
| STYLE = "color:#7F7F7F" | ''unused''
| 14
| Ethnicity (of name?)
|- STYLE = "background:#FFFFEF;color:black"
| STYLE = "color:#7F7F7F" | ''unused''
| 15
| Quad (USGS map info)
|- STYLE = "background:white;color:black"
| STYLE = "color:#7F7F7F" | ''unused''
| 16
| Map (USGS map info)
|- STYLE = "background:#FFFFEF;color:black"
| STYLE = "color:#7F7F7F" | ''unused''
| 17
| AS (???)
|- STYLE = "background:white;color:black"
| '''approvalStat''' ''used for: approvalStr''
| 18
| Approved Status Description
|- STYLE = "background:#FFFFEF;color:black"
| '''approvalYear''' ''used for: approvalStr''
| 19
| Approval Date (year)
|- STYLE = "background:white;color:black"
| STYLE = "color:#7F7F7F" | ''unused''
| 20
| REF (???)
|- STYLE = "background:#FFFFEF;color:black"
| '''reference'''
| 21
| References
|- STYLE = "background:white;color:black"
| STYLE = "color:#7F7F7F" | ''unused''
| 22
| FT (Feature Type categorization, presumably)
|- STYLE = "background:#FFFFEF;color:black"
| '''featuretype''' ''used for: typecat''
| 23
| Feature Type Name
|- STYLE = "background:white;color:black"
| '''origin'''
| 24
| origin (nature of 'origin' varies)
|-
|}

 

==Problems==

 
==Tests==

[[Lunarpedia:Autostub1 test 1]]