Lunarpedia - User contributions [en]

Space Renaissance Intiative

2009-02-28T19:21:16Z

67.63.172.166: New page: Space Renaissance is a new, global philosophy, having its basic ground on Earth and its natural development in space. Our founding concepts are New Humanism and Astro Humanism. We look at ...

Space Renaissance is a new, global philosophy, having its basic ground on Earth and its natural development in space.
Our founding concepts are New Humanism and Astro Humanism. We look at the past Renaissance (1500) as an inspiration for patronage and capability to aim high, and to build successful projects by means of good will and mutual cooperation.

Among our scopes:
- to build a Foundation for human expansion into the solar system
- to build a school for graduate students and post-graduate doctorates and masters
- to build the philosophy and the culture of the Space Age, to help the New Renaissance of Humanity in Space

The statute is in progress, and will be soon submitted to all the good willing Terrestrians.

See also:
*[http://www.spacerenaissance.org/]
*[http://www.tdf.it/]
*[http://www.spacefuture.com/]

User talk:Jarogers2001

2009-02-08T21:35:30Z

67.63.172.166: /* oops... */

Welcome to my mess. Occasionally I clean it up.

Leave me a message by editing this page. (click "Edit" right next to "Discussion" at the top of this page)

Please sign with <nowiki>'~~~~'</nowiki> or leave your contact information if not logged in. You may also contact me at the [http://moonsocietyforum.com/ Moon Society Forum].

:lol: I thought I left a redirect on your personal page after I page-jacked it. I did the whole thing because a) there was a link to the person page in question from a template (which I actually found after moving the thing) and b) the personal page in questions kept showing up in the lists of pages needing fixing (the real reason) and c) it was a handy thing that people other than you might need. [[User:Miros1|Rose/Miros]] 21:43, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

I'm trying to clean up this mess, not make it worse! Why would I jack a page and not leave things working correctly? :lol: [[User:Miros1|Rose/Miros]] 01:50, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

Yeah, one of my attempts to fix some dead links and such ballooned out of control. So yep, we've got a bunch of new templates borrowed from Wikipedia. [[User:Miros1|Rose/Miros]] 11:03, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

BTW, I'm in the process of removing the ballooned templates and pages. Recheck to see if your desired template is still there. If it disappears, reimport or ask me to do so. [[User:Miros1|Rose/Miros]] 12:18, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

== oops... ==

Sorry, I accidentally uploaded the wrong image to Marspedia. Could you please delete it? Thanks. [[User:T.Neo|T.Neo]] 20:45, 30 December 2008 (UTC)

testing - jarogers2001

LUNAX

2009-01-15T02:21:16Z

67.63.172.166:

{{Org Stub}}



The Lunar National Agriculture Experiment Corporation is a research and development effort focused on lunar agriculture and methods to make it both feasible and more productive. The focus of the project revolves around the reduction of agricultural power consumption using innovative lighting techniques, the conversion and [[ISRU|use of in-situ materials]] as an expandable growing medium, and ensuring the survival of agricultural plants during the two-week lunar night when energy for generating heat and light will be difficult to come by.

LUNAX began as a spin-off effort of the [[Lunar Reclamation Society]] which serves as the Milwaukee, WI chapter of the [[NSS]] and [[Moon Society]]. LUNAX is currently active, although the website has not been updated in some time. This website is to be replaced.

Areas of project interest revolve around:
*[[Hydroponics]] and [[aquaculture]]
*Advanced, high-efficiency [[lighting methods]]
*Adapting lunar [[regolith]] as an agricultural medium
*Pyrogenic carbon as a nutrient reservoir
*Growth at high altitude/low pressures
*Suspending growth for two weeks via reduced lighting and temperature

LUNAX discussions may take place on the '''[http://moonsocietyforum.com/phpBB3/viewforum.php?f=19 Moon Society Forum - Houston]'''.

==External Links==
*[http://lunax.org/ LUNAX Homepage - not recently updated]. A new website is in the works.
*[http://www.asi.org/adb/02/12/01/01/ The Artemis Project - Lunar Agriculture]
*[http://www.lunar-reclamation.org/lunax/harvest_moon1.htm Harvest Moon]

LUNAX

2009-01-15T02:17:16Z

67.63.172.166:

{{Org Stub}}



The Lunar National Agriculture Experiment Corporation is a research and development effort focused on lunar agriculture and methods to make it both feasible and more productive. The focus of the project revolves around the reduction of agricultural power consumption using innovative lighting techniques, the conversion and [[ISRU|use of in-situ materials]] as an expandable growing medium, and ensuring the survival of agricultural plants during the two-week lunar night when energy for generating heat and light will be difficult to come by.

LUNAX began as a spin-off effort of the [[Lunar Reclamation Society]] which serves as the Milwaukee, WI chapter of the [[NSS]] and [[Moon Society]]. LUNAX is currently active, although the website has not been updated in some time.

Areas of project interest revolve around:
*[[Hydroponics]] and [[aquaculture]]
*Advanced, high-efficiency [[lighting methods]]
*Adapting lunar [[regolith]] as an agricultural medium
*Pyrogenic carbon as a nutrient reservoir
*Growth at high altitude/low pressures
*Suspending growth for two weeks via reduced lighting and temperature

LUNAX discussions may take place on the '''[http://moonsocietyforum.com/phpBB3/viewforum.php?f=19 Moon Society Forum - Houston]'''.

==External Links==
*[http://lunax.org/ LUNAX Homepage - not recently updated]. A new website is in the works.
*[http://www.asi.org/adb/02/12/01/01/ The Artemis Project - Lunar Agriculture]
*[http://www.lunar-reclamation.org/lunax/harvest_moon1.htm Harvest Moon]

LUNAX

2009-01-10T13:41:06Z

67.63.172.166:

{{Org Stub}}



The Lunar National Agriculture Experiment Corporation is a research and development effort focused on lunar agriculture and methods to make it both feasible and more productive. The focus of the project revolves around the reduction of agricultural power consumption using innovative lighting techniques, the conversion and [[ISRU|use of in-situ materials]] as an expandable growing medium, and ensuring the survival of agricultural plants during the two-week lunar night when energy for generating heat and light will be difficult to come by.

LUNAX began as a spin-off effort of the [[Lunar Reclamation Society]] which serves as the Milwaukee, WI chapter of the [[NSS]] and [[Moon Society]]. LUNAX is currently active, although the website has not been updated in some time.

Areas of project interest revolve around:
*[[Hydroponics]] and [[aquaculture]]
*Advanced, high-efficiency [[lighting methods]]
*Adapting lunar [[regolith]] as an agricultural medium
*Pyrogenic carbon as a nutrient reservoir
*Growth at high altitude/low pressures
*Suspending growth for two weeks via reduced lighting and temperature

==External Links==
*[http://lunax.org/ LUNAX Homepage - not recently updated]. A new website is in the works.
*[http://www.asi.org/adb/02/12/01/01/ The Artemis Project - Lunar Agriculture]

LUNAX

2009-01-10T13:29:43Z

67.63.172.166:

{{Org Stub}}



The Lunar National Agriculture Experiment Corporation is a research and development effort focused on lunar agriculture and methods to make it both feasible and more productive. The focus of the project revolves around the reduction of agricultural power consumption using innovative lighting techniques, the conversion and [[ISRU|use of in-situ materials]] as an expandable growing medium, and ensuring the survival of agricultural plants during the two-week lunar night when energy for generating heat and light will be difficult to come by.

LUNAX began as a spin-off effort of the [[Lunar Reclamation Society]] which serves as the Milwaukee, WI chapter of the [[NSS]] and [[Moon Society]]. LUNAX is currently active, although the website has not been updated in some time.

Areas of project interest revolve around:
*[[Hydroponics]] and [[aquaculture]]
*Advanced, high-efficiency [[lighting methods]]
*Adapting lunar [[regolith]] as an agricultural medium
*Pyrogenic carbon as a nutrient reservoir
*Growth at high altitude/low pressures
*Suspending growth for two weeks via reduced lighting and temperature

==External Links==
[http://lunax.org/ LUNAX Homepage - not recently updated]. A new website is in the works.

LUNAX

2008-12-31T06:45:17Z

67.63.172.166:

{{Org Stub}}

The Lunar National Agriculture Experiment Corporation is a research and development effort focused on lunar agriculture and methods to make it both feasible and more productive. The focus of the project revolves around the reduction of agricultural power consumption using innovative lighting techniques, the conversion and use of in-situ materials as an expandable growing medium, and ensuring the survival of agricultural plants during the two-week lunar night when energy for generating heat and light will be difficult to come by.

LUNAX is currently active, although the website has not been updated in some time.

==External Links==
[http://lunax.org/ LUNAX Homepage - not recently updated]

Lunar Regolith

2008-12-20T09:02:45Z

67.63.172.166: /* Related Articles */

{{selene Stub}} [[Image:658px-Moon_Comp_Graph.JPG|thumb|Relative Concentration Of Various Elements On The Lunar Surface]]
[[Image:800px-Moon_VS_Earth_Composition.JPG|thumb|Relative Concentration (in weight ppm) of Various Elements on Lunar Highlands, Lunar Lowlands, and Earth]]

The layer of debris which blankets most of the moon is commonly refered to as [[exd:Regolith|regolith]]. Billions of years of bombardment from space has created a highly comminuted (this means it has been broken into ever smaller grains and particles) surface through a process sometimes referered to as "impact gardening" or "space weathering." It is estimated that the regolith varies in thickness from 3 to 5 meters over the younger "maria" to approximatly 10 to 20 meters thick in the older "highlands." Below the impact regolith is a layer of "mega-regolith" consisting of highly fractered bedrock that is tens of kilometers thick.
 
The portion of the regolith of a size less than 1cm is generally referred to as Lunar Soil, which is a misnomer in terrestrial geologic terms. The term "lunar soil" should not be confused with terrestrial use of the word ''soil'', and no implication of organic content is intended. When pertaining to lunar science, the terms are used interchangeably. The dusty, abrasive portion is referred to as [[Lunar Dust]] or "Fines."
 
Lunar regolith is the focus of many proposed methods of [[LUNOX | oxygen production]] and [[In Situ Resource Utilization | in-situ resource utilization]] including:
*[[Ilmenite Reduction]]
*[[Fluorine reaction]]
*[[Glass Reduction]]
*[[Radiation shielding]]
*[[Sintered Brick Construction]]
*[[Sintered Regolith]]
*[[Volatile scavenging]]

==Related Articles==
*[[Geologic Processes on the Moon]]
*[[Lunar Dust]]

==External Links==
*Lunar Soil at Wikipedia.org [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_soil http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_soil]
*PERMANENT.com [http://permanent.com/ http://permanent.com/]
*ISRU on the Moon. by Larry Taylor [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar_knowledge/LTaylor.pdf http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar_knowledge/LTaylor.pdf] (PDF) 

[[Category:Selenology]]
[[Category:ISRU]]

Talk:Terraforming

2008-10-29T09:33:28Z

67.63.172.166:

Ahem, the people back on Earth might not appreciate that moldy green look... [[User:Miros1|Rose/Miros]] 04:05, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

Many people, including me, would enjoy a blue-green Moon, marbled with white clouds and a cyan atmosphere fading into space. It would be so bright, at full moon one might be able to see full color!
[[User:T.Neo|T.Neo]] 07:25, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

Discussion from the MOO:
MikeD-1 says, "I wouldn't be in favor of terraforming the surface of Luna" 
dcarson says, "some of Schlock Mercanary is set on a terraformed Luna" 
MikeD-1 says, "my obections are several, some are actually scientific" 
MikeD-1 says, "and at least one has to do with maintaining a certain aesthetic" 
You say, "Yeah, the people back on earth won't like that moldy green look" 
MikeD-1 says, "now I don't mind if they can find a way to terraform the far side without effecting the nearside" 
You say, "or strip mine it" 
You say, "giving the man in the moon a black eye would be very bad press" 
MikeD-1 says, "stripmining would not alter the appearance appreciably, certainly not to the naked eye" 
dcarson says, "I have seen one proposal to basically build big glass hexagons so you terrarome a few square miles at a time" 
You say, "how about 100 years of strip mining?" 
You say, "the man in the moon would at least get a giant zit scar" 
MikeD-1 says, "heh, nah, 1000 years _might_ be visible to the naked eye" 
You say, "what about binoculars?" 
MikeD-1 says, "even with binoculars or a decent telescope you can't see features less than about a mile accross" 
You say, "didn't mr. carson just say something about a few square miles?" 
You say, "oh, that was terraforming" 
MikeD-1 says, "yes, and they could be built farside" 
MikeD-1 says, "terraforming the whole of Luna would change the appearance and most importantly would be very high maintenance due to atmospheric leakage" 
MikeD-1 says, "a couple of square miles would be hard to see from earth without optical aids" 
dcarson says, "I've seen estimates of 50-100K years for the atmosphere to be OK" 
You say, "we'll have mucked up the earth's atmosphere by THEN" 
MikeD-1 says, "yes, I've seen some interesting estimates for that too Dana, I seem to recall Greg estimating it would be safe for 10k years due to it's atmosphere being in the same orbit around earth, I believe he did suggest topping it up periordically to keep it consistent though" 
dcarson says, "http://www.schlockmercenary.com/d/20001203.html" 
MikeD-1 says, "Barring our downfall, it will eventually be terraformed, there's no doubt about that. But I wouldn't support doing it at this point in time, that's a project for several generations down the line." 
dcarson says, "http://www.amazon.ca/Terraforming-Creating-Habitable-Martin-Beech/dp/0387097953" 
You say, "stick it on the terraforming page as an external reference" 
MikeD-1 says, "It's not like Venus, there we'd have to do some terraforming just to be able to land. But Luna and Mars we can build infrastructure on and terraform from onsite" 
dcarson says, "he also has one called Rejuvenating the Sun and Avoiding Other Global Catastrophes" 
You say, "depends... in Spin, they did <nowiki>Mars</nowiki> all by remote control, because that was the only way to do it" 
MikeD-1 says, "there were proposals for partially terraforming Venus as far back as the 70s" 
dcarson says, "the other book on that topic is Terraforming: Engineering Planetary Environments by Fogg" 
You say, "what if you just seeded venus's atmosphere with some mold?" 
dcarson says, "it would vaporize in the heat and go back to being CO2" 
MikeD-1 says, "the most promising proposals were expected to take about 200 years just to make it possible for us to land there, about 100-150 years to be able to send robotic missions" 
You say, "the high atmosphere? above the clouds?" 
dcarson says, "the other book on that topic is Terraforming: Engineering Planetary Environments by Fogg" 
dcarson says, "and bookfinder.com has a copy for only $353.98" 
MikeD-1 says, "the proposals did rely on biological aids" 
dcarson says, "at some point it will fall lower" 
MikeD-1 says, "that's why it would take about 200 years, we'd have to keep topping up the enzymes" 
MikeD-1 says, "oh, and that 200 years would only make it barely possible to send manned missions, we'd still need ev suits" 

[[User:Miros1|Rose/Miros]] 08:23, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

500 years ago, nobody would have appreciated our urban sprawls. They happened anyways. Likely the same situation will apply to altering the moon. - [[User:67.63.172.166|67.63.172.166]] 09:33, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

User talk:Miros1

2008-10-29T01:37:20Z

67.63.172.166:

{{Sdc}}Miros is the double curly bracket goddess!{{Edc}} [[User:Miros1|Rose/Miros]] 22:59, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

Instead of removing pages and recreating them with a different name, you should use the "move" link at the top of the page. This creates a redirect and prevents broken links. It also prevents you from jacking my personal cheat sheets when I'm not looking and putting them somewhere that I can't find them! Women.... - [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 20:36, 28 October 2008 (UTC)
:Yeah, you left a redirect but by the time I noticed I'd already finished yanking your leg. :D - [[User:67.63.172.166|67.63.172.166]] 01:37, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

User:Jarogers2001/edits

2008-10-19T20:28:05Z

67.63.172.166: /* Experimentation */

[http://stuff.debugger-blog.net/coca/ The DHTML Color Calculator]

==Templates==

[[/stubs|Stub Tags]]

[[Template:User_Non-domestic]]

[[Template:GPOTM]]

==Experimentation==

<nowiki>
<object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/rvKRsNjZrVY&hl=en&fs=1"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/rvKRsNjZrVY&hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>
</nowiki>

Template:GPOTM

2008-10-19T20:26:23Z

67.63.172.166:

{| style="border:solid black 1px;margin:1px;padding:1px;"
|<DIV style="font-size:8pt;padding:1pt;line-height:1.25em;background:#bfcfff">
{| style="font-size:8pt;padding:1pt;line-height:1.25em;background:#bfcfff"
|[[Image:610px-Footprint.gif|100px]]
|'''This article is based upon "[[Geologic Processes on the Moon]]" Written and released by [[Eric Douglass]].'''
|}</DIV>
|}

<includeonly>
[[Category:Lunar Surface]]
[[Category:Lunar Science]]
[[Category:Selenology]]
</includeonly>
<noinclude>
[[Category:Tag Templates]]
</noinclude>

Lunar Regolith

2008-10-19T20:23:53Z

67.63.172.166: /* Related Articles */

{{selene Stub}} [[Image:658px-Moon_Comp_Graph.JPG|thumb|Relative Concentration Of Various Elements On The Lunar Surface]]
[[Image:800px-Moon_VS_Earth_Composition.JPG|thumb|Relative Concentration (in weight ppm) of Various Elements on Lunar Highlands, Lunar Lowlands, and Earth]]

The layer of debris which blankets most of the moon is commonly refered to as [[exd:Regolith|regolith]]. Billions of years of bombardment from space has created a highly comminuted (this means it has been broken into ever smaller grains and particles) surface through a process sometimes referered to as "impact gardening" or "space weathering." It is estimated that the regolith varies in thickness from 3 to 5 meters over the younger "maria" to approximatly 10 to 20 meters thick in the older "highlands." Below the impact regolith is a layer of "mega-regolith" consisting of highly fractered bedrock that is tens of kilometers thick.
 
The portion of the regolith of a size less than 1cm is generally referred to as Lunar Soil, which is a misnomer in terrestrial geologic terms. The term "lunar soil" should not be confused with terrestrial use of the word ''soil'', and no implication of organic content is intended. When pertaining to lunar science, the terms are used interchangeably. The dusty, abrasive portion is referred to as [[Lunar Dust]] or "Fines."
 
Lunar regolith is the focus of many proposed methods of [[LUNOX | oxygen production]] and [[In Situ Resource Utilization | in-situ resource utilization]] including:
*[[Ilmenite Reduction]]
*[[Fluorine reaction]]
*[[Glass Reduction]]
*[[Radiation shielding]]
*[[Sintered Brick Construction]]
*[[Sintered Regolith]]
*[[Volatile scavenging]]

==Related Articles==
*[[Geologic Processes on the Moon]]

==External Links==
*Lunar Soil at Wikipedia.org [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_soil http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_soil]
*PERMANENT.com [http://permanent.com/ http://permanent.com/]
*ISRU on the Moon. by Larry Taylor [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar_knowledge/LTaylor.pdf http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar_knowledge/LTaylor.pdf] (PDF) 

[[Category:Selenology]]
[[Category:ISRU]]

Talk:Lunar Regolith

2008-10-18T22:27:14Z

67.63.172.166: /* Merge request */ Last call for objections. I will merge the article at midnight, Central Standard Time

What use of "Lunar Soil" is a misnomer? According to a definition in Merriam-Webster's Dictionary any unconsolidated material on the surface of a planet is soil.--[[User:Farred|Farred]] 05:59, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
*According to Wikipedia:"Lunar soil is the fine regolith found on the surface of the Moon." Wikipedia notes:"Some have argued that the term 'soil' is not correct in reference to the Moon because soil is defined as having organic content, whereas the Moon has none. However, standard usage among lunar scientists is to ignore that distinction." Whose definition is it that opposes a dictionary definition?--[[User:Farred|Farred]] 06:37, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
:Merriam Webster is blatantly incorrect in this case, and I wouldn't exactly call Wikipedia a reliable source. The general geologic definition of soil requires that regolith must have been so modified by chemical and biological processes that it is capable of supporting life. Some lunar/planetary scientists may disregard the difference. I know one who all but reams any students who do. Regardless, the terms refer to the same thing and are described within the same article. Regolith is the more accurate term. - [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 06:12, 14 October 2008 (UTC)

==Merge request==
I would like to merge [[Lunar Soil]] with this article. Lunar soil currently has one sentence that is not already contained within this article, and both substances are of the same chemical and mineralogical composition, and are produced by the same processes. They are the same substance. - [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 06:45, 14 October 2008 (UTC)

I second the request for merge. [[User:T.Neo|T.Neo]] 07:37, 14 October 2008 (UTC)
:No objection to merge--[[User:Farred|Farred]] 15:27, 18 October 2008 (UTC)
::Last call for objections. - [[User:67.63.172.166|67.63.172.166]] 22:27, 18 October 2008 (UTC)

*Jrogers2001 writes that Merriam Webster is “blatantly incorrect” in one of the definitions of the word soil that it reports. However Merriam-Webster merely reports the definitions of words that are in or were in common use. There is nothing blatant about the definitions of soil that were reported. Neither Merriam-Webster nor Lunarpedia nor geology professors nor their professional organizations have the power to enforce the use of certain definitions of words in the English language in general. Professional organizations can limit the meanings of words included in Journals that they control. Professors can refuse credit for a course to a student who applies different meanings than the approved meanings of words in course work. People can argue that certain usages are wrong in an attempt to influence the public, but alternate meanings of words are not wrong in any absolute sense. They are merely meanings used by different subsets of speakers of English or meanings used in different contexts.
*If Lunarpedia wishes to restrict the use of the word soil to material that includes organic content, then I sign on for the effort. Let us be clear about what we are trying to do. The goal is to persuade people to use the word soil in a way that we find most conducive to good communication. There will be some resistance to any effort to teach most English speakers to use the word regolith. Can I use the words dirt and ground that most people already know in an effort to avoid writing that is meaningless to most people and most spell checkers?--[[User:Farred|Farred]] 20:18, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

::I think we should struggle to provide the most accurate information and terminology possible. Using the term soil is perfectly alright, so long as the soil article is redirected to regolith and a statement is there informing them that soil is an alternate, if less accurate, term. This statement is present in the regolith article. While accuracy is important, I certainly don't see a reason to be, pardon my language, anal about it. That statement should be enough, and after a merger all soil references made on Lunarpedia will lead back to the regolith article. Problem solved. If we choose not to merge the articles, then we will have multiple articles referring to the same thing, under different names, which is rather irritating when trying to browse a wiki. - [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 21:01, 17 October 2008 (UTC)

*I think professors in the areas of geology, agricultural science, and ecology would support restricting the use of the word soil to material that includes organic content, as indicated in the article “Soil” in the 1997 edition of the McGRAW-HILL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Science & Technology. Professors of Civil Engineering are likely to use the word soil to indicate naturally occurring loose material whether or not it supports plant growth as indicated in the article “Soil mechanics” in the same source. Professors in one specialty trying to tell professors in a second specialty how to use words within that second specialty would seem to me to be a breach of professional courtesy. So Lunarpedia might consider avoiding any policy which would irritate some educated people.--[[User:71.63.214.145|71.63.214.145]] 12:16, 17 October 2008 (UTC)--[[User:Farred|Farred]] 15:24, 18 October 2008 (UTC)
::Indeed. Politely informing those unfamiliar with lunar subjects is important, but there really isn't any reason to get anal about it when a simple redirect to the pertinent article will suffice, so long as the alternate terminology is explained (as in Lunar Regolith). This allows either term to be used while still maintaining accuracy and avoiding any "Grammar Nazi" issues. Sort of a middle ground approach. I can put this statement "However, when pertaining to lunar science, the terms are used interchangeably." right after the disputed statement. That would provide even more accuracy than what we already have. - [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 21:01, 17 October 2008 (UTC)
::Of course this might irritate some people who belligerently insist that "soil" is incorrect and should never be used, but we can't make everyone happy. - [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 21:05, 17 October 2008 (UTC)
::Thoughts? - [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 00:43, 18 October 2008 (UTC)

Federation of Galaxy Explorers

2008-10-17T22:52:27Z

67.63.172.166: organizational stub tag

{{Org Stub}}

The Federation of Galaxy Explorers is a non-profit 501c3 organization that seeks to educate and inspire young people in space related science and engineering. FOGE provides after school meetings, field trips, and summer camps to students which encourage space related studies and supplement the current lack of classroom reasources, science and math teachers, and modern day peer pressure. FOGE activities seek to increase:

*Individual self esteem.
*Hands-on-understanding of subjects related to space, aerospace, and planetary science.
*Citizen involvement in government.
*Support for space exploration and activities which will lead to a space-faring civilization.

FOGE is also the producer of the [[MoonBaseOne]] educational video game, which takes place on the lunar surface.

==External Links==
*[http://foge.org/ Federation of Galaxy Explorers - website]
*[http://moonbaseone.blogspot.com/ MoonBaseOne game developers blog]

Talk:ISS into the Pacific

2008-09-05T17:15:55Z

67.63.172.166: /* ISS is a failiure, due to design. */

'''Not yet:'''

The great successes of the ISS, and there were many, were mostly about international politics and the dissolution of the USSR. We need to do a very large and public analysis of the contribution and weakness of the ISS program to generate the critical lessons learned we need for a large back to the Moon program.

Only after such a study is made, should we decide the fate of the ISS.

The ISS also shows us how a bad name can kill a program.

--[[User:Jriley|Jriley]] 04:37, 10 March 2007 (PST)

----

This article yields no information about the moon, and from a technical standpoint, its assertion that the ISS is in the wrong orbit for access to the moon is just plain silly. It appears to be motivated by purely political intent, which again means it has no place in the Lunarpedia unless you want to open a section on Idiotic Political Smoke Screens.

Recommend deleting it.

-- Greg

:The purpose of this article, and a number of simular entries, was to start a discussion to provide incite into what gets people hot about space. This approach is detailed in [[Show Stoppers]] and the [[Purposes List]].

:Had a technical person wished to defend the ISS, then they could provide technical information on the use of the ISS as a safety station on the way to the Moon and exactly what this would mean to launch windows. No such defender has come forth.

:So far the input on nearly all of these articles has been extremely low. All these articles have demonstrated so far is how increasable low interest is in returning to the Moon and how much work we have ahead of us.

:This type of article belongs on Lunarpedia if, and only if, one of Lunarpedia's purposes is to make returning to the Moon happen. That is to be an active tool.

:--[[User:Jriley|Jriley]] 22:15, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

::It may be too early in Lunarpedia's development for the controversial question concept to take off. Most of our contributors are too busy trying to create new content to make Lunarpedia a major attraction to stop and think of such subtleties at this time. As it stands, Mike and I don't even really have time to even write many articles, as we're too busy with top level maintenance and administrative stuff -- and that was bad enough ''before'' the wiki project got multiplied by a factor of five... -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 22:46, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

::It could be helpful to create a tag template for your controversial question series to clarify the purpose of them so that people aren't looking at them hoping to get something from them that they aren't meant to provide. -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 22:52, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

== Broken Promises ==

::{| style="border-style:none;border-width:0px"
| style="border-style:dashed; border-width:1px; border-color:#668B88;" | The ISS has failed to provide the promised medical and pharmacuetical advances that were used to sell the space station plan to congress.
|}

That has a lot to do with designing so much of the station so it could only be launched by the Shuttle. Between the groundings caused by fuel line fractures and the extended grounding of the fleet after the loss of Columbia and then the very careful and conservative return to service, the ISS construction program is now close to 7 years behind schedule and still slipping. Add to this that in its' present configuration it takes the entire crew of 3 just to run the station, there is little or no science done.

But they do still find time to run the Boston marathon.

-- [[User:Mdelaney|Mdelaney]] 06:09, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

:I genuinely hope that this will change once the crew is expanded. Letting such a large investment go to waste doesn't seem logical to me. The boston marathon stunt does provide the opportunity to get physiological measurements on a female who has been in microgravity long enough to begin experiencing muscle/bone loss. It's too good of a data gathering opportunity to pass up. -- [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 01:44, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

----

Jriley makes sense. I was opposed to building the space station as planned because it is permanently manned before the proper infrastructure is in place to make reasonable use of people. I would have gone with a remotely operated lunar base instead of the space station and shed no tears over the loss of expertise in the manned space program as employees drifted away. They could have archived as much of the details of how they do their jobs as possible, and then gone on to do something useful. It would take a long time to restart a manned program when it is finally needed, but the need is a long time away. What we have is a show space program. Some people would be better impressed if we were efficiently doing something to further humanity's future in space. We can learn things like how to avoid the bearing problem that threatens the space station's solar arrays. We may need to keep the space station for a while to satisfy international agreements. We may be able to convince other nations that keeping space station agreements is just too expensive, and we can make up the debt some other way. Then we might be able to convert the space station to all robotic operation and lower costs. I am not sure we can lower costs but we should look into it. --[[User:Farred|Farred]] 15:27, 18 June 2008 (UTC)
===Political Difficulties in National Funding===
Mdelaney wrote that medical and pharmaceutical advances were promised to sell the space station to congress. Its more complicated than that. Congressmen were generally not fooled by the probability that such advances and others would occur. They needed a story to tell constituents to explain the reason for their votes. The second layer of persuasion was political support from people whose employment would cease if the space station failed, and people in communities where employment would be lost if the space station failed. These were highly motivated supporters of a program that they saw as having "lunch" written all over it. There were true believers too. The harm they have done by saddling the U.S. with a manned space program that is mainly a welfare program for a dependent constituency is worse then the mere cost of the program. The argument comes up (I won't say from whom) that as long as we are going to have astronauts up there anyway lets save a particular task for them. So, efficient methods of doing things like robotic servicing of satellites are never given a serious effort, no matter if plenty of money were available. It is not the space station so much as the whole manned space program that is the enemy. It just keeps sailing on with no destination like the Flying Dutchman, just as much a curse to those who do know where they are headed. Some say that the division between manned and robotic space programs is a competition wrongly foisted upon space enthusiasts by congress which lumps their funding together, and that we should support both programs. But I say that the average congressman does not know beans about our future in space and cares less. Our message should be that the main effect of the current manned space program on our future in space is to detract from it. This is so much the case that having to coexist with a manned space program is likely to kill any serious attempt to develop industry using the raw materials of Luna, if it has not already done so. That is just for the United States though. Other nations are poised to make attempts at Luna, and they might not copy our mistakes. --[[User:Farred|Farred]] 00:32, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

:I am not opposed to manned spaceflight, but I am opposed to the promotion of an environment where it would be the sole domain of governments. Instead of seeking to eliminate the manned program we should take an industry building approach in the same way that NACA did for atmospheric flight. There are many things that can be done by robots, but a robot is never a substitute for a human in tasks that aren't redundant processes (such as maintaining robots in the field). Instead of seeking to eliminate a manned program we should instead foster the development of private replacements which can carry people for much less than NASA, allowing more funding to be freed up in the long run for the support of a lunar base. I am of the opinion that the ISS should remain in place until a suitable private LEO destination is in place for private flights. Today we have reached a technological nexus where this is finally possible. Google search for Bigelow Aerospace. -- [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 00:24, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

===problems with a manned spaceflight bureaucracy===
I am not opposed to manned spaceflight. I am opposed to the farce that constitutes the current U. S. manned space program. I did write "robotic servicing of satellites [is] never given a serious effort" but I should have written remote control servicing. I do not propose that an artificially intelligent robot perform maintenance on satellites. I propose that technicians perform this maintenance by remote controlled devices while the technicians remain comfortably on Earth. This method properly developed would likely be more convenient for any particular task than working in a space suit and allow shifts of technicians to stay on the job for much less than the expense of having them in space in person. The space station we have now is a special case. Every thing there was designed to maximize its convenience to human operation on site. In an ideal world the space station would have been designed to maximize convenience for remote operation. However even using the robonaut and others of similar make, it might be cheaper to run the space station remotely than to keep men there in person.
I do not think employees of the manned space program have the intention of doing harm, but just look at the program's record. First the Apollo program sent astronauts to Luna. That was the first and last worthwhile thing it did. It made more sense then to send men to Luna. Remote control was not as highly developed then. When the decision was made to have a human pilot for the space shuttle, that was a big mistake. This wasn't done because of lack of ability to land a shuttle by remote control, even the Russians landed their version of a shuttle by remote control. Robotic autolanding can be done today and I guess that it could have been done when the first shuttle was built. Flying a space ship is naturally a computer's job, but the shuttle's designers built a man into their design because they wanted to give astronauts something to do that had prestige. Then the space station was a make work program for astronauts from the word go. Astronauts being there was always the primary consideration. Actually accomplishing something on the space station was something to be considered when the program got around to it. The only thing that couldn't be done more cheaply remotely on a space station is testing human endurance of weightlessness. The results of the test are only applicable to working on a space station or flying to Mars, two expensive things that are not at all urgent. If lunar industry is developed first, respectable size spaceships could be built to take people to Mars in comfort. The Hubble Space Telescope is grand, but for the cost of each servicing mission there could have been a whole new telescope in orbit. A remote controlled space station would not have been hung up with all of the life support problems. It could have been developed to assemble a multi mirror telescope better than the Hubble. I have read the words "permanently manned base" referring to Luna, and it just makes me sick. It does not seem at all likely that the current manned space program is in the mood to let remote controlled devices develop local resources until most of the mass needed to support people can be gotten from Luna. That would almost make it seem as if people were not needed. The manned space program wouldn't tolerate that. It is bound and determined to ruin the moon base like it ruined the space station and the shuttle, and for the same reason. It insists on making every other consideration secondary to having a man on site. For the U. S. manned space program a few men would not go to the moon for a purpose. A few men on the moon would be the purpose. They turn everything into a show.
I set my sights higher. A civilization in space is my purpose.

===more===
I might as well sign this stuff. I can summarize everything with four words. Industrial Infrastructure in Space. Humanity can establish itself as a space faring civilization if it chooses. However "buy in" is as old as the hills. People lost considerable sums of money on typewriter schemes before someone came up with a typewriter that was good enough. Hucksters continued to make money on rain making schemes long after people had had enough time to learn about them because another sucker is born every minute. Don't fall for any modern equivalent of a rain making scheme.
--[[User:Farred|Farred]] 10:58, 23 June 2008 (UTC)
===backtracking===
There are some worthwhile things associated with the manned program. The sponsoring of research such as fuel cell research was good. I oppose the program as a hole.--'''FARTHERRED''' 3:01PM Central Daylight Time
===The Start of Political Problems===
Although the Apollo program accomplished much of great value, as much as could have been expected, it also had a detrimental legacy. As Apollo was a showpiece of U.S. technical competency, so the later manned space program carried on this tradition. Commitments were made to bring competent people into the Apollo program. Their bosses, the president and congress, did not want to say, "Thanks. We are finished with your services now. Go look for some other position."
Politically powerful interests seemed to believe, without any technical justification, that having a man in space was central to further progress toward a future in which travel to Luna and Mars was part of ordinary economic life. In any case a hiatus in the launching of men into space was seen as a step backward in technical ability. So the continued launching of men into space was ordered as a way to show technical competency. For the last twenty years the U.S. has had the ability to begin development of the infrastructure that would support human economic use of lunar materials. This process is necessarily slow, and there is nothing that people in space suits on Luna could do during the early part of this development that would be worth the cost of supporting them there. The actual technical development has been neglected in favor of the show of technical development. The expected result of continuing this line of effort is that the manned space program would remain an appropriations farming operation run by people content to work in an appropriations farming operation. It would not contribute except accidentally to any economic use of lunar materials. I see no reason to believe that any such accidental development would ever occur. If those who claim to seek economic space settlements allow themselves to become part of the government show program, they are not serving their professed goal. Corporations that want to sell big boosters to such efforts will subject their corporate efforts to feast of famine at the whim of political expediency. One year congress will support big manned space efforts. The next year the large line items will tempt cuts in manned space programs. I would not invest in such a company. --[[User:Farred|Farred]] 02:09, 5 July 2008 (UTC)
===For Full Honesty===
I must admit that there is a function that humans on Luna could perform better than machines if it was at all reasonable to support humans on site. That is conflict. Naturally a response time of 0.37 seconds would be superior to a response time of 3 seconds for many applications in war, but in covert conflict with those whom you are openly applauding and helping, a quick response time is even more important. The space station is a reasonable training ground in case covert agents are needed on Luna. There are many reasons for avoiding covert conflict. Its messy. Its wasteful. Its embarrassing when it is found out. Let us just admit that there are serious differences of opinion between various governments, and no one country will always get its way. When there is a need for people on Luna, let us be open and honest about our concerns. Let us leave covert operations back on Earth for as long as possible. Of course you can trust fully what I write. I am being completely open and honest, except of course for my name.
--[[User:Farred|Farred]] 00:24, 7 July 2008 (UTC)
:You have yet to demonstrate an existing technical capability for robots, tele-operated or not, to use a variety of standardized, and especially improvised, tools to repair other robots. This would require a detailed plan for using lunar resources to manufacture replacement parts and then install a part into a unit in the field, as well as designing those robots to be field reparable. There is also the issue of dust fouling your equipment whenever a sensitive area is opened, which will result in an increase in equipment breakdowns and the need for regular strip downs and maintenance in a dust free environment. The repair bot idea has been bandied around for years and we still haven't pulled it off in ANY sector. It is perpetually "right around the corner" along with flying cars and other futuristic technologies that have yet to appear. Until that capability is proven your entire point is moot in reference to the lunar surface. I really really like the idea, but without any supporting evidence or technical research it's going to seem like you are blowing smoke. - [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 02:15, 9 July 2008 (UTC)
===Robot Repairs Robot===
I am uncertain which of my statements you consider doubtful. If you think that people might not be able to service satellites with remote controlled devices, I say certainly no one can do so now. People can do remote control surgery, <ref> daVinci Surgical System http://www.intuitivesurgical.com/products/davinci_surgicalsystem/index.aspx </ref> but remote control satellite servicing is impossible because no one has done the development work. There is reason for no one developing remote control servicing of lawn mowers. It would be physically possible to develop a pair of remote controlled manipulators that a couple of guys at consoles could send out to a customers pick up truck. They could grab the lawn mower, carry it into the shop, take the thing apart completely, fix what needs fixing, shine up the mower, and present the customer with a bill for $1,763,487.95. For some reason lawn mower repair shops prefer to hire human mechanics. For servicing satellites the repairman can not go around the corner for a greasyburger and soft drink at lunch time. So it’s hard to get repairmen to show on location for satellite servicing, but NASA managed to get a few to take on the work. If someone did develop remote satellite servicing, it would need to include remote control rendezvous and docking besides having the satellite designed to be serviced. On Luna robot servicing of robot would be restricted to those things designed to be serviced. Swapping out replaceable bearings might be included in the set. I certainly think such repairs would be done in a lighted, thermally controlled, dust controlled enclosure.
===Financial Concerns===
The remote control servicing of satellites might not be ready to make money. It would have cost less to design the Hubble to be serviced by remote control and design, build and launch the devices to do that than it cost to build the Hubble that was built and service it with the Shuttle. I do not need references for that. If you have insufficient knowledge to realize that is true, just take my word for it, or don't.
--[[User:Farred|Farred]] 19:01, 15 July 2008 (UTC)
:I do not disagree, but there will be others who will unless you explain your viewpoint using reason, references and example. "If you have insufficient knowledge to realize that is true, just take my word for it, or don't." I recommend that you handle your statements more diplomatically in the future if you wish to make your point in a convincing manner. Supposition, conjecture, sincerity, and argumentum ad populum are insufficient for producing a viable rebuttal in any credible scientific or technological forum. - [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 06:17, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

===Things Fall Apart===
The entire lunar enterprise might fail from a cause of which I am ignorant. That is a vast area of potential problems. The thing to do is be flexible in facing new problems as they present themselves, and have a good exit strategy. So, if after sending a few rovers to Luna, nothing is working out as hoped, rejoice in all of the scientific data and the glory of having done that much and move on to other things. --'''FARTHERRED''' 6:00 pm Central Daylight Time

==The Need for References==
References are helpful for many things, but I do not really need them to show the superiority of remote control devices to astronauts in person as means to get things done on a space station. What references to cost data could show would be a complicated accounting system designed more to hide costs than reveal them. Beyond the reference I made to remote control surgery, things that are common knowledge are sufficient to show that the astronauts on the space station add to the expense of what they do. For work in the vacuum of outer space special tools and lubricants are needed. That is true whether the tools are wielded by astronauts or remote controlled manipulators. The difference is that astronauts need constant life support and three square meals a day. Remote control devices are happy to have some electricity, a reasonable operating temperature, and some lubrication now and then. Either by swapping out bearings or finding some way to lubricate them in space remote control devices should last a dozen years or more in space. The electronics on the voyager spacecraft lasted more than 30 years, and were still going the last time I checked. Twelve years of consumables to support astronauts plus crew change amounts to quite a few pounds launched into space that would not be required for remote control devices. If remote control devices are not as swift for some tasks, they can stay at them for much longer for the same money. New models of devices can be designed to overcome the shortcomings of old models.
The task of repairing a remote control manipulator by remote control to the extent of swapping out bearings does not seem more difficult than remote control surgery. If NASA can not do it, the reason is that they do not see that as their mission. It is NASA's political bosses that want astronauts on the space station. I want people in space too, but I can see how the development of industry on Luna could lead to a situation in which a couple of mechanics on Luna could go around the corner for a greasyburger and a soft drink and you would have nearly the same situation that makes remote control devices to repair motors on Earth uneconomic. However, until there is a reasonable amount of industrial infrastructure, astronauts in space suits will not be the most economic way to get industrial infrastructure.
:I really do not see how references can improve that much, but I will give a few.
:There has been work with low volatility liquid lubricants for bearings in space.<ref> http://www.nyelubricants.com/2001_010.htm </ref> Promising substances are found among the silahydrocarbons.
:The need for dry film lubricant and special tools for use in vacuum are among the problems faced by astronauts in space. <ref>http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/123417/innovative_tools_created_for_hubble_repair/ </ref>
:Molybdenum disulfide is among the substances that made an early contribution to lubrication problems in space. Research is ongoing. <ref>http://www.aero.org/publications/crosslink/fall2006/04.html </ref>
===Do People Care?===
:If no one writes any substantive disagreement with anything I have written, does it mean that no one disagrees or that I have scared off readers with boredom? If there are good arguments, can they be reworked into a really slick glad-hander special of political persuasion? The lunar development concept might be able to survive keeping the space station in the space program for a while, but if men are sent to Luna in a mere remake of the Apollo program, people will see that as representing what the outer space effort is. After seeing that nothing comes of it, they will not want to pay for anything like that for a long time.
=== Capability of Robots===
:The distinction between robots and remote manipulators is important. Whenever the use of robots is suggested there is likely to be the argument against it that the robot can not substitute for the intelligence of a human. With remote manipulators one does not substitute for the intelligence of a human, one moves the intelligence to the work by radio through the remote manipulator. This has drawbacks. Working with a pair of gloves is something most of us have experienced. The clumsiness of gloves in an inconvenience. Working with remote manipulators is worse than an inconvenience. Work can take 30 to 100 times as long as doing the job with bare hands. <ref>McGraw-Hill ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Science & Technology (c) 1997, article on "Remote manipulators, Strengths and weaknesses" </ref> Even with the avoidance of human life support in space and crew change, can remote manipulators really be more economic? They are helped out by the possibility of one device combining remote manipulator and robot functions. A computer can follow the actions directed by the human operator and learn some tasks that are repetitive. In satellite servicing well marked points can be painted on the satellite for a computer to orient to. When operations get to Luna, tasks had better have a high proportion of dull repetition, or the whole notion of for profit operations will simply not apply.
--[[User:Farred|Farred]] 21:18, 13 August 2008 (UTC)
===References===
<references/>

== ISS is a failiure, due to design. ==

Many people, i.e. Grant Bonin, will argue that HLVs are white elephants and that MLVs are suitable for all our operations in space. however, I will show that this is wrong, using the ISS as an example.

The ISS is made of of segments- modules. These were either brought up in the Space Shuttle, or the Proton rocket.
Despite being a monsterous launch vehicle, the shuttle is of comperable performance to MLVs like the proton, due to the generally parasitic and unwanted orbiter going along for the ride.

Thus, all the delays and the operating costs of the shuttle made the construction a disaster. If it were for one simple launch on a Saturn INT-21, the ISS could have been launched in one, no hassle flight. Minimal setting up would have been performed in orbit, and the shuttle could fly logistics flights.

I am not saying that all MLVs are as bad as the shuttle. However, MLVs will also experiance disasters, cost cuts, political hurdles, etc. The advantage with shuttle is that the module was just a module. The shuttle trucked it there, and then set it up in place. Mir was differant. Each module was a spacecraft with orbital manuvering systems, etc.

The advantage of an HLV is that most contruction goes on on Earth, where things are relativly easy and safe. Our HLVs need to be big and dumb, Sea Dragon is a good example. I wonder how easy it would be to make a 100-ton range launcher using the same principles as Sea Dragon, and launch it from land like the Saturn V.

Plus, a gigantic HLV will stir the imagination of the people. It wasn't when a road was resurfaced last that people got excited about a construction project. It was when a bridge, gigantic skyscraper or dam was constructed.

As for the ISS itself, the US should complete it, leave it to ESA and Russia, and when they get tired of it, they'll probably sell it off to Biglow as a hotel.

The ISS gave us a vital lesson in the return to the Moon and the colonization of the solar system. Go '''BIG'''. [[User:T.Neo|T.Neo]] 10:51, 5 September 2008 (UTC)
:I think that every internal room should also be capable of supporting a teleoperated waldo like robonaut. All equipment that is part of the station should have teleoperability and remote control built in, or it should be operable via a robonaut. This will allow people on the ground to do routine maintenance tasks as well as a good deal of research without having to expand life support. Humans would be available to do logistics, research, and problem resolution without having to spend most of their time doing routine maintenance like on the ISS. This robotic-human syneregy will be applicable to other space construction projects like Solar Power Satellites and lunar operations. - [[User:67.63.172.166|67.63.172.166]] 17:15, 5 September 2008 (UTC)

Size of Infrastructure

2008-08-30T00:54:16Z

67.63.172.166: /* From "The Machine Stops" to Nano-assemblers */

== From "The Machine Stops" to Nano-assemblers ==
:There are two fictional visions of reproducing industrial infrastructure that are near opposite ends in scale. In a story "The Machine Stops" E.M. Forster in 1909 depicted all people on Earth and all of their machines interconnected as one self sustaining growing unit. Eric Drexler and others suggested that a desk top scale nano-assembler (once one was perfected) could make other nano-assemblers <ref> Chemical & Engineering News, 1 December 2003. vol 81 #48. CENEAR 81 48 pp.37-42. http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8148/8148counterpoint.html </ref> from the appropriate raw materials and power; and thus be a full reproducing industrial infrastructure to fit in a moving van. God has already got one up on Drexler with the carrot seed.
Opponents of putting industrial infrastructure on Luna tend to Forster's vision. They seem to think that if an industrial infrastructure is not as big as the Earth including as many people as live today, it can not sustain itself and produce product, and since it is impossible to ship such to Luna, people should not try.
Some proponents of industrial infrastructure on Luna seem to think that fully self maintaining and self reproducing industrial equipment could be sent to Luna with (perhaps) a half dozen Ares V launches, with these launches including (perhaps a half dozen) astronauts who will be living in locally built housing and running the show the same week that three of them arrive on the first Ares V trip. They could be imagining an industrial base something like Drexler's table top nano-factories to support all the needs of astronauts from the start, or they could imagine that congress will cheerfully keep sending tang and freeze dried filet mignon to Luna for years. Actually the way to kill a government funded space program is to insist that the program simply must have resources that are more expensive than congress is willing to provide. The job of any engineer is to solve a problem while working within certain constraints. The tighter the contraints in which something can be accomplished, the more cost effective and/or profitable that accomplishment will be.
:Actually neither Drexler's nano-factories nor Ares V launchers are necessary to build a lunar base that can support people. Time and remote controlled equipment that neither eats nor drinks nor breaths can establish the infrastructure that can support people and allow the export of products that will pay for imports. That is perhaps fifty years before there are profitable exports, not quite so long before the considerable benefits of hands on work can aid the lunar enterprise.
:All necessary remotely operated devices can be sent to Luna on moderate size rockets. The Delta IV can put 19000 pounds into low Earth orbit. A modest modification to make the rocket more appropriate for the low Earth orbit mission than the Geostationary orbit mission could improve on that. A useful unmanned space station that would provide a platform for vehicle assembly and refueling would allow 19000 pound payloads to be assembled with a fully fueled vehicle that would put 19000 pounds on Luna.
:A useful unmanned space station would have a constantly rotating portion housing motors and solar cells communications and if necessary some structure and ballast that would increase the moment of inertia for the constantly spinning portion. There would be a spin up spin down portion to rotate on the same axis. It would have solar cells communications and a refueling and assembly platform. Cargoes of fuel and rockets to be refueled or assembled would dock with the spin up spin down portion while it is not rotating. This is a capability that was demonstrated early in the space program. The center of mass of the loaded platform would be adjusted to the common spin axis of the station. The platform would be spun up to a mere 20 centimeters per second squared radial acceleration and fuel would be transferred with no problem.
:The two sections of the refueling station would be connected by magnetic bearings and an electric motor. There would no solid surface contact between the two and no need for lubricants.
:Savings comes from not building Ares V nor maintaining launching facilities for Ares V or any other expensive heavy lift vehicle. More savings comes from a higher frequency of launch of medium lift rockets resulting (at least potentially) in lower unit cost. NASA does not do things this way because of an institutional bias toward using big rockets. There is some argument for using big rockets in all at once launches for manned Mars missions, but the expense should all be counted toward the manned Mars missions. A program of [[Bootstrapping Industry]] on Luna does not require big rockets.
:This does not need to result in a smaller NASA. Spending the same money on cheaper per each missions results in more missions.
===References===
<references/>
[[category:Infrastructures]]

Talk:Types of Robots

2008-08-16T17:01:38Z

67.63.172.166:

There are going to be a lot of robots on the Moon but none of them will look like Star Wars characters.

--[[User:Jriley|Jriley]] 18:28, 26 May 2007 (UTC)

----

This robot "wants" to do this. That robot "wants" to do that. The robots do not "want" anything, unless they are star wars characters. And do we really need housekeeping robots or computerized phycologists? We should stick to essentials, like Sandworms. [[User:T.Neo|T.Neo]] 07:53, 16 August 2008 (UTC)
:I can certainly see the need for a dust remediation robot. I can also see the need for robots capable of monitoring agricultural products and then picking them when they become ripe. Agriculture is a very involved activity. Time spent tending garden could be used for other activities, and the more it can be automated the more an outpost will be capable of sustaining itself. As for "wanting," I think that's just Tom's expression of what the robots will be programmed to do. The terminology is inaccurate. If you would like to correct it, please do. - [[User:67.63.172.166|67.63.172.166]] 17:01, 16 August 2008 (UTC)

LCROSS

2008-08-12T23:22:39Z

67.63.172.166: /* Project Team<ref name="lcross">[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/index.htm LCROSS - National Aeronautics and Space Administration]</ref><ref name="ssad">[http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/LCROSS/ The LCRO

{{Mission Stub}}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter3.jpg|right|thumb|300px|LCROSS ready to separate from its Centaur upper stage. Photo credit: NASA]]

{|align=left
|__TOC__
|}

LCROSS Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite

The Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), was purpose built to search for [[water|H2O]] on the [[Moon]] and is to be launched as a secondary payload on [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter]]. The smaller secondary payload spacecraft will travel with the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) satellite to the moon on the same Atlas-Centaur EELV rocket to be launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. After launch, the 'secondary payload,' LCROSS spacecraft will arrive in the lunar vicinity independent of the LRO satellite. On the way to the moon, the spacecraft's two main parts, the Shepherding Spacecraft (S-S/C) and the [[Centaur]] Upper Stage will remain coupled.

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter2.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS Centaur upper stage heading towards impact site. Photo credit: NASA]]

As the spacecraft approaches the moon's south pole, the 2000kg Centaur will separate and then will impact a crater in a polar region of the moon 7 hours later at 9,000 km/hr, producing an explosion 200 times more powerful than that of [[Lunar Prospector]] and equivalent to about 2,000 pounds of TNT (6.5 billion joules). The blast will jettison a plume of material out of the crater where astronomers can search the debris for signs of lunar water. The plume from the Centaur crash will develop as the Shepherding Spacecraft heads in towards the moon. The S-S/C will fly through the plume, and instruments on the spacecraft will analyze the cloud to look for signs of water and other compounds. Additional space and earth-based instruments also will study the huge plume, which scientists expect to be 1000 metric tons. The booster impact is set to occur sometime between May and August 2009, depending on launch dates. The other half of the LCROSS mission, weighing 700kg (the Shepherding Spacecraft), will observe the impact and then itself crash into the Moon 4 minutes later.

Most of the Moon lacks water and is extremely low in other volatiles. With a very tenuous argon astmosphere and 300° temperature swings between night and day, most of the Moon's surface is a hostile place for water. However there are a few cold, dark places where water molecules could collect and remain frozen. At the lunar poles, the sun is always low on the horizon, so some crater ridges cast shadows that keep parts of the crater floors in perpetual darkness. Temperatures in the shadows hover around 40° above absolute zero (-233° Celsius), cold enough for water ice to survive indefinitely.

"The explosion itself will likely be obscured by the walls of the target crater. Instead, what astronomers will look for is the impact plume. An expanding cone of ejecta will rise more than 6 kilometers above the lunar surface and spread outward for about 40 km in every direction. The debris is expected to shine like a 6th to 8th magnitude star—invisible to the human eye but an easy target for backyard telescopes."<ref name="update08"/>

[[Image:LunarImpact.jpg|right|thumb|450px|The life cycle of a lunar impact and associated time and special scales. The LCROSS measurement methods are “layered” in response to the rapidly evolving impact environment. Photo Credit: NASA]]

The LCROSS mission will help determine if there is water hidden in the permanently dark craters of one of the moon's poles. "If LCROSS's booster stage hits a patch of lunar regolith that contains at least 0.5 percent water ice, water should be detectable in the plume of ejecta," per Anthony Colaprete<ref name="update08">[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2008/11aug_lcross.htm?list994099 A Flash of Insight: LCROSS Mission Update] - Edited by Dr. Tony Phillips, [http://science.nasa.gov/ Science@NASA]</ref>.

==Science Payload==
The LCROSS science payload consists of two near-infrared spectrometers, a visible light spectrometer, two mid-infrared cameras, two near-infrared cameras, a visible camera and a visible radiometer.

{|
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"|'''LCROSS Science Loadout'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Instrument'''
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Target'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Spectrometers(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Ice, Vapor, Grain Size, Hydrates
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Spectrometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |H2O+ (619 nm), OH (308nm), Search organics
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Mid Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Pre-impact terrain, Total Water, Ejecta Blanket
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Total Water
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Context Camera
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Impact location, Plume morphology
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Photometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Flash light curve
|-
| COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" | LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments<ref>[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/instruments.htm LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments]</ref>
|-
|}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter1.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS plume developing with S-SC looking outward and down. Photo credit: NASA]]

==Project Team<ref name="lcross">[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/bios.htm LCROSS - Biographies of the LCROSS Mission Team]</ref><ref name="ssad">[http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/LCROSS/ The LCROSS Mission - Space Science and Astrobiology Division - NASA AMES]</ref>==
*Sponsor: [[NASA Ames Research Center]]
*Principal Investigator: [[Dr. Anthony Colaprete]]
*Project Manager: [[Daniel Andrews]]
*Co-investigator: [[Dr. Jennifer Heldmann]]
*Deputy Project Manager: [[John Marmie]]
*Payload Scientist: [[Dr. Kimberly Ennico]]
*Mission Operations System Team Lead & Flight Director: [[Paul Tompkins]]
*Space and Aircraft Mission Analysis: [[Roger Arno]]
*Project Systems Engineer: [[Darin Foreman]]
*System Safety & Mission Assurance Manager: [[Leonard Hee]]
*[[Diane Wooden]]
*[[Tony Ricco]]
*[[Geoff Briggs]]
*[[LPRP]] Program Scientist: [[Ben Bussey]]
*Prime Contractor: [[Northrup Space Technologies]] of Redondo Beach, Calif.

==External Links==
*[http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/LCROSS/ The LCROSS Mission - Space Science and Astrobiology Division - NASA AMES]
*[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/index.htm LCROSS - National Aeronautics and Space Administration]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Landers]]
[[Category:Instruments]]
[[Category:Experiments]]
[[Category:Remote Sensing]]
[[Category:Spacecraft]]
[[Category:Missions]]
[[Category:Mission Plans]]

LCROSS

2008-08-12T23:21:19Z

67.63.172.166: /* Project Team */

{{Mission Stub}}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter3.jpg|right|thumb|300px|LCROSS ready to separate from its Centaur upper stage. Photo credit: NASA]]

{|align=left
|__TOC__
|}

LCROSS Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite

The Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), was purpose built to search for [[water|H2O]] on the [[Moon]] and is to be launched as a secondary payload on [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter]]. The smaller secondary payload spacecraft will travel with the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) satellite to the moon on the same Atlas-Centaur EELV rocket to be launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. After launch, the 'secondary payload,' LCROSS spacecraft will arrive in the lunar vicinity independent of the LRO satellite. On the way to the moon, the spacecraft's two main parts, the Shepherding Spacecraft (S-S/C) and the [[Centaur]] Upper Stage will remain coupled.

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter2.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS Centaur upper stage heading towards impact site. Photo credit: NASA]]

As the spacecraft approaches the moon's south pole, the 2000kg Centaur will separate and then will impact a crater in a polar region of the moon 7 hours later at 9,000 km/hr, producing an explosion 200 times more powerful than that of [[Lunar Prospector]] and equivalent to about 2,000 pounds of TNT (6.5 billion joules). The blast will jettison a plume of material out of the crater where astronomers can search the debris for signs of lunar water. The plume from the Centaur crash will develop as the Shepherding Spacecraft heads in towards the moon. The S-S/C will fly through the plume, and instruments on the spacecraft will analyze the cloud to look for signs of water and other compounds. Additional space and earth-based instruments also will study the huge plume, which scientists expect to be 1000 metric tons. The booster impact is set to occur sometime between May and August 2009, depending on launch dates. The other half of the LCROSS mission, weighing 700kg (the Shepherding Spacecraft), will observe the impact and then itself crash into the Moon 4 minutes later.

Most of the Moon lacks water and is extremely low in other volatiles. With a very tenuous argon astmosphere and 300° temperature swings between night and day, most of the Moon's surface is a hostile place for water. However there are a few cold, dark places where water molecules could collect and remain frozen. At the lunar poles, the sun is always low on the horizon, so some crater ridges cast shadows that keep parts of the crater floors in perpetual darkness. Temperatures in the shadows hover around 40° above absolute zero (-233° Celsius), cold enough for water ice to survive indefinitely.

"The explosion itself will likely be obscured by the walls of the target crater. Instead, what astronomers will look for is the impact plume. An expanding cone of ejecta will rise more than 6 kilometers above the lunar surface and spread outward for about 40 km in every direction. The debris is expected to shine like a 6th to 8th magnitude star—invisible to the human eye but an easy target for backyard telescopes."<ref name="update08"/>

[[Image:LunarImpact.jpg|right|thumb|450px|The life cycle of a lunar impact and associated time and special scales. The LCROSS measurement methods are “layered” in response to the rapidly evolving impact environment. Photo Credit: NASA]]

The LCROSS mission will help determine if there is water hidden in the permanently dark craters of one of the moon's poles. "If LCROSS's booster stage hits a patch of lunar regolith that contains at least 0.5 percent water ice, water should be detectable in the plume of ejecta," per Anthony Colaprete<ref name="update08">[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2008/11aug_lcross.htm?list994099 A Flash of Insight: LCROSS Mission Update] - Edited by Dr. Tony Phillips, [http://science.nasa.gov/ Science@NASA]</ref>.

==Science Payload==
The LCROSS science payload consists of two near-infrared spectrometers, a visible light spectrometer, two mid-infrared cameras, two near-infrared cameras, a visible camera and a visible radiometer.

{|
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"|'''LCROSS Science Loadout'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Instrument'''
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Target'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Spectrometers(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Ice, Vapor, Grain Size, Hydrates
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Spectrometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |H2O+ (619 nm), OH (308nm), Search organics
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Mid Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Pre-impact terrain, Total Water, Ejecta Blanket
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Total Water
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Context Camera
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Impact location, Plume morphology
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Photometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Flash light curve
|-
| COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" | LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments<ref>[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/instruments.htm LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments]</ref>
|-
|}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter1.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS plume developing with S-SC looking outward and down. Photo credit: NASA]]

==Project Team<ref name="lcross">[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/index.htm LCROSS - National Aeronautics and Space Administration]</ref><ref name="ssad">[http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/LCROSS/ The LCROSS Mission - Space Science and Astrobiology Division - NASA AMES]</ref>==
*Sponsor: [[NASA Ames Research Center]]
*Principal Investigator: [[Dr. Anthony Colaprete]]
*Project Manager: [[Daniel Andrews]]
*Co-investigator: [[Dr. Jennifer Heldmann]]
*Deputy Project Manager: [[John Marmie]]
*Payload Scientist: [[Dr. Kimberly Ennico]]
*Mission Operations System Team Lead & Flight Director: [[Paul Tompkins]]
*Space and Aircraft Mission Analysis: [[Roger Arno]]
*Project Systems Engineer: [[Darin Foreman]]
*System Safety & Mission Assurance Manager: [[Leonard Hee]]
*[[Diane Wooden]]
*[[Tony Ricco]]
*[[Geoff Briggs]]
*[[LPRP]] Program Scientist: [[Ben Bussey]]
*Prime Contractor: [[Northrup Space Technologies]] of Redondo Beach, Calif.

==External Links==
*[http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/LCROSS/ The LCROSS Mission - Space Science and Astrobiology Division - NASA AMES]
*[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/index.htm LCROSS - National Aeronautics and Space Administration]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Landers]]
[[Category:Instruments]]
[[Category:Experiments]]
[[Category:Remote Sensing]]
[[Category:Spacecraft]]
[[Category:Missions]]
[[Category:Mission Plans]]

LCROSS

2008-08-12T23:17:05Z

67.63.172.166: /* Project Team */

{{Mission Stub}}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter3.jpg|right|thumb|300px|LCROSS ready to separate from its Centaur upper stage. Photo credit: NASA]]

{|align=left
|__TOC__
|}

LCROSS Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite

The Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), was purpose built to search for [[water|H2O]] on the [[Moon]] and is to be launched as a secondary payload on [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter]]. The smaller secondary payload spacecraft will travel with the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) satellite to the moon on the same Atlas-Centaur EELV rocket to be launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. After launch, the 'secondary payload,' LCROSS spacecraft will arrive in the lunar vicinity independent of the LRO satellite. On the way to the moon, the spacecraft's two main parts, the Shepherding Spacecraft (S-S/C) and the [[Centaur]] Upper Stage will remain coupled.

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter2.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS Centaur upper stage heading towards impact site. Photo credit: NASA]]

As the spacecraft approaches the moon's south pole, the 2000kg Centaur will separate and then will impact a crater in a polar region of the moon 7 hours later at 9,000 km/hr, producing an explosion 200 times more powerful than that of [[Lunar Prospector]] and equivalent to about 2,000 pounds of TNT (6.5 billion joules). The blast will jettison a plume of material out of the crater where astronomers can search the debris for signs of lunar water. The plume from the Centaur crash will develop as the Shepherding Spacecraft heads in towards the moon. The S-S/C will fly through the plume, and instruments on the spacecraft will analyze the cloud to look for signs of water and other compounds. Additional space and earth-based instruments also will study the huge plume, which scientists expect to be 1000 metric tons. The booster impact is set to occur sometime between May and August 2009, depending on launch dates. The other half of the LCROSS mission, weighing 700kg (the Shepherding Spacecraft), will observe the impact and then itself crash into the Moon 4 minutes later.

Most of the Moon lacks water and is extremely low in other volatiles. With a very tenuous argon astmosphere and 300° temperature swings between night and day, most of the Moon's surface is a hostile place for water. However there are a few cold, dark places where water molecules could collect and remain frozen. At the lunar poles, the sun is always low on the horizon, so some crater ridges cast shadows that keep parts of the crater floors in perpetual darkness. Temperatures in the shadows hover around 40° above absolute zero (-233° Celsius), cold enough for water ice to survive indefinitely.

"The explosion itself will likely be obscured by the walls of the target crater. Instead, what astronomers will look for is the impact plume. An expanding cone of ejecta will rise more than 6 kilometers above the lunar surface and spread outward for about 40 km in every direction. The debris is expected to shine like a 6th to 8th magnitude star—invisible to the human eye but an easy target for backyard telescopes."<ref name="update08"/>

[[Image:LunarImpact.jpg|right|thumb|450px|The life cycle of a lunar impact and associated time and special scales. The LCROSS measurement methods are “layered” in response to the rapidly evolving impact environment. Photo Credit: NASA]]

The LCROSS mission will help determine if there is water hidden in the permanently dark craters of one of the moon's poles. "If LCROSS's booster stage hits a patch of lunar regolith that contains at least 0.5 percent water ice, water should be detectable in the plume of ejecta," per Anthony Colaprete<ref name="update08">[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2008/11aug_lcross.htm?list994099 A Flash of Insight: LCROSS Mission Update] - Edited by Dr. Tony Phillips, [http://science.nasa.gov/ Science@NASA]</ref>.

==Science Payload==
The LCROSS science payload consists of two near-infrared spectrometers, a visible light spectrometer, two mid-infrared cameras, two near-infrared cameras, a visible camera and a visible radiometer.

{|
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"|'''LCROSS Science Loadout'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Instrument'''
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Target'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Spectrometers(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Ice, Vapor, Grain Size, Hydrates
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Spectrometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |H2O+ (619 nm), OH (308nm), Search organics
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Mid Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Pre-impact terrain, Total Water, Ejecta Blanket
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Total Water
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Context Camera
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Impact location, Plume morphology
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Photometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Flash light curve
|-
| COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" | LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments<ref>[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/instruments.htm LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments]</ref>
|-
|}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter1.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS plume developing with S-SC looking outward and down. Photo credit: NASA]]

==Project Team==
*Sponsor: [[NASA Ames Research Center]]
*Principal Investigator: [[Dr. Anthony Colaprete]]
*Project Manager: [[Daniel Andrews]]
*Co-investigator: [[Dr. Jennifer Heldmann]]
*Deputy Project Manager: [[John Marmie]]
*Payload Scientist: [[Dr. Kimberly Ennico]]
*Mission Operations System Team Lead & Flight Director: [[Paul Tompkins]]
*Space and Aircraft Mission Analysis: [[Roger Arno]]
*Project Systems Engineer: [[Darin Foreman]]
*System Safety & Mission Assurance Manager: [[Leonard Hee]]
*[[Diane Wooden]]
*[[Tony Ricco]]
*[[Geoff Briggs]]
*[[LPRP]] Program Scientist: [[Ben Bussey]]
*Prime Contractor: [[Northrup Space Technologies]] of Redondo Beach, Calif.

==External Links==
*[http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/LCROSS/ The LCROSS Mission - Space Science and Astrobiology Division - NASA AMES]
*[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/index.htm LCROSS - National Aeronautics and Space Administration]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Landers]]
[[Category:Instruments]]
[[Category:Experiments]]
[[Category:Remote Sensing]]
[[Category:Spacecraft]]
[[Category:Missions]]
[[Category:Mission Plans]]

LCROSS

2008-08-12T23:10:56Z

67.63.172.166: /* External Links */

{{Mission Stub}}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter3.jpg|right|thumb|300px|LCROSS ready to separate from its Centaur upper stage. Photo credit: NASA]]

{|align=left
|__TOC__
|}

LCROSS Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite

The Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), was purpose built to search for [[water|H2O]] on the [[Moon]] and is to be launched as a secondary payload on [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter]]. The smaller secondary payload spacecraft will travel with the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) satellite to the moon on the same Atlas-Centaur EELV rocket to be launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. After launch, the 'secondary payload,' LCROSS spacecraft will arrive in the lunar vicinity independent of the LRO satellite. On the way to the moon, the spacecraft's two main parts, the Shepherding Spacecraft (S-S/C) and the [[Centaur]] Upper Stage will remain coupled.

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter2.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS Centaur upper stage heading towards impact site. Photo credit: NASA]]

As the spacecraft approaches the moon's south pole, the 2000kg Centaur will separate and then will impact a crater in a polar region of the moon 7 hours later at 9,000 km/hr, producing an explosion 200 times more powerful than that of [[Lunar Prospector]] and equivalent to about 2,000 pounds of TNT (6.5 billion joules). The blast will jettison a plume of material out of the crater where astronomers can search the debris for signs of lunar water. The plume from the Centaur crash will develop as the Shepherding Spacecraft heads in towards the moon. The S-S/C will fly through the plume, and instruments on the spacecraft will analyze the cloud to look for signs of water and other compounds. Additional space and earth-based instruments also will study the huge plume, which scientists expect to be 1000 metric tons. The booster impact is set to occur sometime between May and August 2009, depending on launch dates. The other half of the LCROSS mission, weighing 700kg (the Shepherding Spacecraft), will observe the impact and then itself crash into the Moon 4 minutes later.

Most of the Moon lacks water and is extremely low in other volatiles. With a very tenuous argon astmosphere and 300° temperature swings between night and day, most of the Moon's surface is a hostile place for water. However there are a few cold, dark places where water molecules could collect and remain frozen. At the lunar poles, the sun is always low on the horizon, so some crater ridges cast shadows that keep parts of the crater floors in perpetual darkness. Temperatures in the shadows hover around 40° above absolute zero (-233° Celsius), cold enough for water ice to survive indefinitely.

"The explosion itself will likely be obscured by the walls of the target crater. Instead, what astronomers will look for is the impact plume. An expanding cone of ejecta will rise more than 6 kilometers above the lunar surface and spread outward for about 40 km in every direction. The debris is expected to shine like a 6th to 8th magnitude star—invisible to the human eye but an easy target for backyard telescopes."<ref name="update08"/>

[[Image:LunarImpact.jpg|right|thumb|450px|The life cycle of a lunar impact and associated time and special scales. The LCROSS measurement methods are “layered” in response to the rapidly evolving impact environment. Photo Credit: NASA]]

The LCROSS mission will help determine if there is water hidden in the permanently dark craters of one of the moon's poles. "If LCROSS's booster stage hits a patch of lunar regolith that contains at least 0.5 percent water ice, water should be detectable in the plume of ejecta," per Anthony Colaprete<ref name="update08">[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2008/11aug_lcross.htm?list994099 A Flash of Insight: LCROSS Mission Update] - Edited by Dr. Tony Phillips, [http://science.nasa.gov/ Science@NASA]</ref>.

==Science Payload==
The LCROSS science payload consists of two near-infrared spectrometers, a visible light spectrometer, two mid-infrared cameras, two near-infrared cameras, a visible camera and a visible radiometer.

{|
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"|'''LCROSS Science Loadout'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Instrument'''
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Target'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Spectrometers(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Ice, Vapor, Grain Size, Hydrates
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Spectrometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |H2O+ (619 nm), OH (308nm), Search organics
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Mid Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Pre-impact terrain, Total Water, Ejecta Blanket
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Total Water
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Context Camera
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Impact location, Plume morphology
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Photometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Flash light curve
|-
| COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" | LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments<ref>[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/instruments.htm LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments]</ref>
|-
|}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter1.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS plume developing with S-SC looking outward and down. Photo credit: NASA]]

==Project Team==
*Sponsor: [[NASA Ames Research Center]]
*Principal Investigator: [[Dr. Anthony Colaprete]]
*[[Kim Ennico]]
*[[Diane Wooden]]
*[[Tony Ricco]]
*[[Geoff Briggs]]
*[[LPRP]] Program Scientist: [[Ben Bussey]]
*Prime Contractor: [[Northrup Space Technologies]] of Redondo Beach, Calif.

==External Links==
*[http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/LCROSS/ The LCROSS Mission - Space Science and Astrobiology Division - NASA AMES]
*[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/index.htm LCROSS - National Aeronautics and Space Administration]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Landers]]
[[Category:Instruments]]
[[Category:Experiments]]
[[Category:Remote Sensing]]
[[Category:Spacecraft]]
[[Category:Missions]]
[[Category:Mission Plans]]

LCROSS

2008-08-12T23:07:29Z

67.63.172.166:

{{Mission Stub}}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter3.jpg|right|thumb|300px|LCROSS ready to separate from its Centaur upper stage. Photo credit: NASA]]

{|align=left
|__TOC__
|}

LCROSS Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite

The Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), was purpose built to search for [[water|H2O]] on the [[Moon]] and is to be launched as a secondary payload on [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter]]. The smaller secondary payload spacecraft will travel with the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) satellite to the moon on the same Atlas-Centaur EELV rocket to be launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. After launch, the 'secondary payload,' LCROSS spacecraft will arrive in the lunar vicinity independent of the LRO satellite. On the way to the moon, the spacecraft's two main parts, the Shepherding Spacecraft (S-S/C) and the [[Centaur]] Upper Stage will remain coupled.

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter2.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS Centaur upper stage heading towards impact site. Photo credit: NASA]]

As the spacecraft approaches the moon's south pole, the 2000kg Centaur will separate and then will impact a crater in a polar region of the moon 7 hours later at 9,000 km/hr, producing an explosion 200 times more powerful than that of [[Lunar Prospector]] and equivalent to about 2,000 pounds of TNT (6.5 billion joules). The blast will jettison a plume of material out of the crater where astronomers can search the debris for signs of lunar water. The plume from the Centaur crash will develop as the Shepherding Spacecraft heads in towards the moon. The S-S/C will fly through the plume, and instruments on the spacecraft will analyze the cloud to look for signs of water and other compounds. Additional space and earth-based instruments also will study the huge plume, which scientists expect to be 1000 metric tons. The booster impact is set to occur sometime between May and August 2009, depending on launch dates. The other half of the LCROSS mission, weighing 700kg (the Shepherding Spacecraft), will observe the impact and then itself crash into the Moon 4 minutes later.

Most of the Moon lacks water and is extremely low in other volatiles. With a very tenuous argon astmosphere and 300° temperature swings between night and day, most of the Moon's surface is a hostile place for water. However there are a few cold, dark places where water molecules could collect and remain frozen. At the lunar poles, the sun is always low on the horizon, so some crater ridges cast shadows that keep parts of the crater floors in perpetual darkness. Temperatures in the shadows hover around 40° above absolute zero (-233° Celsius), cold enough for water ice to survive indefinitely.

"The explosion itself will likely be obscured by the walls of the target crater. Instead, what astronomers will look for is the impact plume. An expanding cone of ejecta will rise more than 6 kilometers above the lunar surface and spread outward for about 40 km in every direction. The debris is expected to shine like a 6th to 8th magnitude star—invisible to the human eye but an easy target for backyard telescopes."<ref name="update08"/>

[[Image:LunarImpact.jpg|right|thumb|450px|The life cycle of a lunar impact and associated time and special scales. The LCROSS measurement methods are “layered” in response to the rapidly evolving impact environment. Photo Credit: NASA]]

The LCROSS mission will help determine if there is water hidden in the permanently dark craters of one of the moon's poles. "If LCROSS's booster stage hits a patch of lunar regolith that contains at least 0.5 percent water ice, water should be detectable in the plume of ejecta," per Anthony Colaprete<ref name="update08">[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2008/11aug_lcross.htm?list994099 A Flash of Insight: LCROSS Mission Update] - Edited by Dr. Tony Phillips, [http://science.nasa.gov/ Science@NASA]</ref>.

==Science Payload==
The LCROSS science payload consists of two near-infrared spectrometers, a visible light spectrometer, two mid-infrared cameras, two near-infrared cameras, a visible camera and a visible radiometer.

{|
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"|'''LCROSS Science Loadout'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Instrument'''
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Target'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Spectrometers(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Ice, Vapor, Grain Size, Hydrates
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Spectrometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |H2O+ (619 nm), OH (308nm), Search organics
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Mid Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Pre-impact terrain, Total Water, Ejecta Blanket
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Total Water
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Context Camera
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Impact location, Plume morphology
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Photometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Flash light curve
|-
| COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" | LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments<ref>[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/instruments.htm LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments]</ref>
|-
|}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter1.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS plume developing with S-SC looking outward and down. Photo credit: NASA]]

==Project Team==
*Sponsor: [[NASA Ames Research Center]]
*Principal Investigator: [[Dr. Anthony Colaprete]]
*[[Kim Ennico]]
*[[Diane Wooden]]
*[[Tony Ricco]]
*[[Geoff Briggs]]
*[[LPRP]] Program Scientist: [[Ben Bussey]]
*Prime Contractor: [[Northrup Space Technologies]] of Redondo Beach, Calif.

==External Links==

[http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/LCROSS/ LCROSS website]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Landers]]
[[Category:Instruments]]
[[Category:Experiments]]
[[Category:Remote Sensing]]
[[Category:Spacecraft]]
[[Category:Missions]]
[[Category:Mission Plans]]

LCROSS

2008-08-12T23:04:01Z

67.63.172.166:

{{Mission Stub}}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter3.jpg|right|thumb|300px|LCROSS ready to separate from its Centaur upper stage. Photo credit: NASA]]

{|align=left
|__TOC__
|}

LCROSS Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite

The Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), was purpose built to search for [[water|H2O]] on the [[Moon]] and is to be launched as a secondary payload on [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter]]. The smaller secondary payload spacecraft will travel with the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) satellite to the moon on the same Atlas-Centaur EELV rocket to be launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. After launch, the 'secondary payload,' LCROSS spacecraft will arrive in the lunar vicinity independent of the LRO satellite. On the way to the moon, the spacecraft's two main parts, the Shepherding Spacecraft (S-S/C) and the [[Centaur]] Upper Stage will remain coupled.

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter2.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS Centaur upper stage heading towards impact site. Photo credit: NASA]]

As the spacecraft approaches the moon's south pole, the 2000kg Centaur will separate and then will impact a crater in a polar region of the moon 7 hours later at 9,000 km/hr, producing an explosion 200 times more powerful than that of [[Lunar Prospector]] and equivalent to about 2,000 pounds of TNT (6.5 billion joules). The blast will jettison a plume of material out of the crater where astronomers can search the debris for signs of lunar water. The plume from the Centaur crash will develop as the Shepherding Spacecraft heads in towards the moon. The S-S/C will fly through the plume, and instruments on the spacecraft will analyze the cloud to look for signs of water and other compounds. Additional space and earth-based instruments also will study the huge plume, which scientists expect to be 1000 metric tons. The booster impact is set to occur sometime between May and August 2009, depending on launch dates. The other half of the LCROSS mission, weighing 700kg (the Shepherding Spacecraft), will observe the impact and then itself crash into the Moon 4 minutes later.

Most of the Moon lacks water and is extremely low in other volatiles. With a very tenuous argon astmosphere and 300° temperature swings between night and day, most of the Moon's surface is a hostile place for water. However there are a few cold, dark places where water molecules could collect and remain frozen. At the lunar poles, the sun is always low on the horizon, so some crater ridges cast shadows that keep parts of the crater floors in perpetual darkness. Temperatures in the shadows hover around 40° above absolute zero (-233° Celsius), cold enough for water ice to survive indefinitely.

The explosion itself will likely be obscured by the walls of the target crater. Instead, what astronomers will look for is the impact plume. An expanding cone of ejecta will rise more than 6 kilometers above the lunar surface and spread outward for about 40 km in every direction. The debris is expected to shine like a 6th to 8th magnitude star—invisible to the human eye but an easy target for backyard telescopes.

[[Image:LunarImpact.jpg|right|thumb|450px|The life cycle of a lunar impact and associated time and special scales. The LCROSS measurement methods are “layered” in response to the rapidly evolving impact environment. Photo Credit: NASA]]

The LCROSS mission will help determine if there is water hidden in the permanently dark craters of one of the moon's poles. "If LCROSS's booster stage hits a patch of lunar regolith that contains at least 0.5 percent water ice, water should be detectable in the plume of ejecta," per Anthony Colaprete<ref>[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2008/11aug_lcross.htm?list994099 A Flash of Insight: LCROSS Mission Update] - Edited by Dr. Tony Phillips, [http://science.nasa.gov/ Science@NASA]</ref>.

==Science Payload==
The LCROSS science payload consists of two near-infrared spectrometers, a visible light spectrometer, two mid-infrared cameras, two near-infrared cameras, a visible camera and a visible radiometer.

{|
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"|'''LCROSS Science Loadout'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Instrument'''
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Target'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Spectrometers(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Ice, Vapor, Grain Size, Hydrates
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Spectrometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |H2O+ (619 nm), OH (308nm), Search organics
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Mid Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Pre-impact terrain, Total Water, Ejecta Blanket
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Total Water
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Context Camera
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Impact location, Plume morphology
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Photometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Flash light curve
|-
| COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" | LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments<ref>[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/instruments.htm LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments]</ref>
|-
|}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter1.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS plume developing with S-SC looking outward and down. Photo credit: NASA]]

==Project Team==
*Sponsor: [[NASA Ames Research Center]]
*Principal Investigator: [[Dr. Anthony Colaprete]]
*[[Kim Ennico]]
*[[Diane Wooden]]
*[[Tony Ricco]]
*[[Geoff Briggs]]
*[[LPRP]] Program Scientist: [[Ben Bussey]]
*Prime Contractor: [[Northrup Space Technologies]] of Redondo Beach, Calif.

==External Links==

[http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/LCROSS/ LCROSS website]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Landers]]
[[Category:Instruments]]
[[Category:Experiments]]
[[Category:Remote Sensing]]
[[Category:Spacecraft]]
[[Category:Missions]]
[[Category:Mission Plans]]

LCROSS

2008-08-12T23:03:11Z

67.63.172.166:

{{Mission Stub}}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter3.jpg|right|thumb|300px|LCROSS ready to separate from its Centaur upper stage. Photo credit: NASA]]

{|align=left
|__TOC__
|}

LCROSS Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite

The Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), was purpose built to search for [[water|H2O]] on the [[Moon]] and is to be launched as a secondary payload on [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter]]. The smaller secondary payload spacecraft will travel with the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) satellite to the moon on the same Atlas-Centaur EELV rocket to be launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. After launch, the 'secondary payload,' LCROSS spacecraft will arrive in the lunar vicinity independent of the LRO satellite. On the way to the moon, the spacecraft's two main parts, the Shepherding Spacecraft (S-S/C) and the [[Centaur]] Upper Stage will remain coupled.

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter2.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS Centaur upper stage heading towards impact site. Photo credit: NASA]]

As the spacecraft approaches the moon's south pole, the 2000kg Centaur will separate and then will impact a crater in a polar region of the moon 7 hours later at 9,000 km/hr, producing an explosion 200 times more powerful than that of [[Lunar Prospector]] and equivalent to about 2,000 pounds of TNT (6.5 billion joules). The blast will jettison a plume of material out of the crater where astronomers can search the debris for signs of lunar water. The plume from the Centaur crash will develop as the Shepherding Spacecraft heads in towards the moon. The S-S/C will fly through the plume, and instruments on the spacecraft will analyze the cloud to look for signs of water and other compounds. Additional space and earth-based instruments also will study the huge plume, which scientists expect to be 1000 metric tons. The booster impact is set to occur sometime between May and August 2009, depending on launch dates. The other half of the LCROSS mission, weighing 700kg (the Shepherding Spacecraft), will observe the impact and then itself crash into the Moon 10 minutes later.

Most of the Moon lacks water and is extremely low in other volatiles. With a very tenuous argon astmosphere and 300° temperature swings between night and day, most of the Moon's surface is a hostile place for water. However there are a few cold, dark places where water molecules could collect and remain frozen. At the lunar poles, the sun is always low on the horizon, so some crater ridges cast shadows that keep parts of the crater floors in perpetual darkness. Temperatures in the shadows hover around 40° above absolute zero (-233° Celsius), cold enough for water ice to survive indefinitely.

The explosion itself will likely be obscured by the walls of the target crater. Instead, what astronomers will look for is the impact plume. An expanding cone of ejecta will rise more than 6 kilometers above the lunar surface and spread outward for about 40 km in every direction. The debris is expected to shine like a 6th to 8th magnitude star—invisible to the human eye but an easy target for backyard telescopes.

[[Image:LunarImpact.jpg|right|thumb|450px|The life cycle of a lunar impact and associated time and special scales. The LCROSS measurement methods are “layered” in response to the rapidly evolving impact environment. Photo Credit: NASA]]

The LCROSS mission will help determine if there is water hidden in the permanently dark craters of one of the moon's poles. "If LCROSS's booster stage hits a patch of lunar regolith that contains at least 0.5 percent water ice, water should be detectable in the plume of ejecta," per Anthony Colaprete<ref>[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2008/11aug_lcross.htm?list994099 A Flash of Insight: LCROSS Mission Update] - Edited by Dr. Tony Phillips, [http://science.nasa.gov/ Science@NASA]</ref>.

==Science Payload==
The LCROSS science payload consists of two near-infrared spectrometers, a visible light spectrometer, two mid-infrared cameras, two near-infrared cameras, a visible camera and a visible radiometer.

{|
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"|'''LCROSS Science Loadout'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Instrument'''
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Target'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Spectrometers(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Ice, Vapor, Grain Size, Hydrates
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Spectrometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |H2O+ (619 nm), OH (308nm), Search organics
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Mid Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Pre-impact terrain, Total Water, Ejecta Blanket
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Total Water
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Context Camera
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Impact location, Plume morphology
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Photometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Flash light curve
|-
| COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" | LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments<ref>[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/instruments.htm LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments]</ref>
|-
|}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter1.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS plume developing with S-SC looking outward and down. Photo credit: NASA]]

==Project Team==
*Sponsor: [[NASA Ames Research Center]]
*Principal Investigator: [[Dr. Anthony Colaprete]]
*[[Kim Ennico]]
*[[Diane Wooden]]
*[[Tony Ricco]]
*[[Geoff Briggs]]
*[[LPRP]] Program Scientist: [[Ben Bussey]]
*Prime Contractor: [[Northrup Space Technologies]] of Redondo Beach, Calif.

==External Links==

[http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/LCROSS/ LCROSS website]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Landers]]
[[Category:Instruments]]
[[Category:Experiments]]
[[Category:Remote Sensing]]
[[Category:Spacecraft]]
[[Category:Missions]]
[[Category:Mission Plans]]

LCROSS

2008-08-12T18:51:05Z

67.63.172.166: verified some information

{{Mission Stub}}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter3.jpg|right|thumb|300px|LCROSS ready to separate from its Centaur upper stage. Photo credit: NASA]]

{|align=left
|__TOC__
|}

LCROSS Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite

The Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), was purpose built to search for [[water|H2O]] on the [[Moon]] and is to be launched as a secondary payload on [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter]]. The smaller secondary payload spacecraft will travel with the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) satellite to the moon on the same Atlas-Centaur EELV rocket to be launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. After launch, the 'secondary payload,' LCROSS spacecraft will arrive in the lunar vicinity independent of the LRO satellite. On the way to the moon, the spacecraft's two main parts, the Shepherding Spacecraft (S-S/C) and the [[Centaur]] Upper Stage will remain coupled.

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter2.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS Centaur upper stage heading towards impact site. Photo credit: NASA]]

As the spacecraft approaches the moon's south pole, the 2000kg Centaur will separate and then will impact a crater in a polar region of the moon 7 hours later at 9,000 km/hr, producing an explosion 200 times more powerful than that of [[Lunar Prospector]] and equivalent to about 2,000 pounds of TNT (6.5 billion joules). The blast will jettison a plume of material out of the crater where astronomers can search the debris for signs of lunar water. The plume from the Centaur crash will develop as the Shepherding Spacecraft heads in towards the moon. The S-S/C will fly through the plume, and instruments on the spacecraft will analyze the cloud to look for signs of water and other compounds. Additional space and earth-based instruments also will study the huge plume, which scientists expect to be 1000 metric tons. The booster impact is set to occur sometime between May and August 2009, depending on launch dates. The other half of the LCROSS mission, weighing 700kg (the Shepherding Spacecraft), will observe the impact and then itself crash into the Moon 10 minutes later.

Most of the Moon lacks water and is extremely low in other volatiles. With a very tenuous argon astmosphere and 300° temperature swings between night and day, most of the Moon's surface is a hostile place for water. However there are a few cold, dark places where water molecules could collect and remain frozen. At the lunar poles, the sun is always low on the horizon, so some crater ridges cast shadows that keep parts of the crater floors in perpetual darkness. Temperatures in the shadows hover around 40° above absolute zero (-233° Celsius), cold enough for water ice to survive indefinitely.

'''{Possible errors in this section shown in bold. Information came from an early press release and numbers should be updated.}'''

The explosion itself will likely be obscured by the walls of the target crater. Instead, what astronomers will look for is the impact plume. An expanding cone of ejecta will rise more nearly 50 kilometers above the lunar surface and '''spread outward for about 40 km in every direction. The debris is expected to shine like a 6th to 8th magnitude star—invisible to the human eye but an easy target for backyard telescopes.'''

'''{end section}'''

[[Image:LunarImpact.jpg|right|thumb|450px|The life cycle of a lunar impact and associated time and special scales. The LCROSS measurement methods are “layered” in response to the rapidly evolving impact environment. Photo Credit: NASA]]

The LCROSS mission will help determine if there is water hidden in the permanently dark craters of one of the moon's poles. "If LCROSS's booster stage hits a patch of lunar regolith that contains at least 0.5 percent water ice, water should be detectable in the plume of ejecta," per Anthony Colaprete<ref>[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2008/11aug_lcross.htm?list994099 A Flash of Insight: LCROSS Mission Update] - Edited by Dr. Tony Phillips, [http://science.nasa.gov/ Science@NASA]</ref>.

==Science Payload==
The LCROSS science payload consists of two near-infrared spectrometers, a visible light spectrometer, two mid-infrared cameras, two near-infrared cameras, a visible camera and a visible radiometer.

{|
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"|'''LCROSS Science Loadout'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Instrument'''
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Target'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Spectrometers(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Ice, Vapor, Grain Size, Hydrates
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Spectrometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |H2O+ (619 nm), OH (308nm), Search organics
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Mid Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Pre-impact terrain, Total Water, Ejecta Blanket
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Total Water
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Context Camera
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Impact location, Plume morphology
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Photometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Flash light curve
|-
| COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" | LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments<ref>[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/instruments.htm LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments]</ref>
|-
|}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter1.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS plume developing with S-SC looking outward and down. Photo credit: NASA]]

==Project Team==
*Sponsor: [[NASA Ames Research Center]]
*Principal Investigator: [[Dr. Anthony Colaprete]]
*[[Kim Ennico]]
*[[Diane Wooden]]
*[[Tony Ricco]]
*[[Geoff Briggs]]
*[[LPRP]] Program Scientist: [[Ben Bussey]]
*Prime Contractor: [[Northrup Space Technologies]] of Redondo Beach, Calif.

==External Links==

[http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/LCROSS/ LCROSS website]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Landers]]
[[Category:Instruments]]
[[Category:Experiments]]
[[Category:Remote Sensing]]
[[Category:Spacecraft]]
[[Category:Missions]]
[[Category:Mission Plans]]

LCROSS

2008-08-12T18:46:49Z

67.63.172.166:

{{Mission Stub}}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter3.jpg|right|thumb|300px|LCROSS ready to separate from its Centaur upper stage. Photo credit: NASA]]

{|align=left
|__TOC__
|}

LCROSS Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite

The Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), was purpose built to search for [[water|H2O]] on the [[Moon]] and is to be launched as a secondary payload on [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter]]. The smaller secondary payload spacecraft will travel with the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) satellite to the moon on the same Atlas-Centaur EELV rocket to be launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. After launch, the 'secondary payload,' LCROSS spacecraft will arrive in the lunar vicinity independent of the LRO satellite. On the way to the moon, the spacecraft's two main parts, the Shepherding Spacecraft (S-S/C) and the [[Centaur]] Upper Stage will remain coupled.

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter2.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS Centaur upper stage heading towards impact site. Photo credit: NASA]]

As the spacecraft approaches the moon's south pole, the 2000kg Centaur will separate and then will impact a crater in a polar region of the moon 7 hours later at 9,000 km/hr, producing an explosion 200 times more powerful than that of [[Lunar Prospector]] and equivalent to about 2,000 pounds of TNT (6.5 billion joules). The blast will jettison a plume of material out of the crater where astronomers can search the debris for signs of lunar water. The plume from the Centaur crash will develop as the Shepherding Spacecraft heads in towards the moon. The S-S/C will fly through the plume, and instruments on the spacecraft will analyze the cloud to look for signs of water and other compounds. Additional space and earth-based instruments also will study the huge plume, which scientists expect to be 1000 metric tons. The booster impact is set to occur sometime between May and August 2009, depending on launch dates. The other half of the LCROSS mission, weighing 700kg (the Shepherding Spacecraft), will observe the impact and then itself crash into the Moon 10 minutes later.

Most of the Moon lacks water and is extremely low in other volatiles. With a very tenuous argon astmosphere and 300° temperature swings between night and day, most of the Moon's surface is a hostile place for water. However there are a few cold, dark places where water molecules could collect and remain frozen. At the lunar poles, the sun is always low on the horizon, so some crater ridges cast shadows that keep parts of the crater floors in perpetual darkness. Temperatures in the shadows hover around 40° above absolute zero (-233° Celsius), cold enough for water ice to survive indefinitely.

'''{Possible errors in this section shown in bold. Information came from an early press release and numbers should be updated.}'''

'''The explosion itself will probably be hidden by the walls of the target crater.''' Instead, what astronomers will look for is the impact plume. An expanding cone of ejecta will rise more nearly 50 kilometers above the lunar surface and '''spread outward for about 40 km in every direction. The debris is expected to shine like a 6th to 8th magnitude star—invisible to the human eye but an easy target for backyard telescopes.'''

'''{end section}'''

[[Image:LunarImpact.jpg|right|thumb|450px|The life cycle of a lunar impact and associated time and special scales. The LCROSS measurement methods are “layered” in response to the rapidly evolving impact environment. Photo Credit: NASA]]

The LCROSS mission will help determine if there is water hidden in the permanently dark craters of one of the moon's poles. "If LCROSS's booster stage hits a patch of lunar regolith that contains at least 0.5 percent water ice, water should be detectable in the plume of ejecta," per Anthony Colaprete<ref>[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2008/11aug_lcross.htm?list994099 A Flash of Insight: LCROSS Mission Update] - Edited by Dr. Tony Phillips, [http://science.nasa.gov/ Science@NASA]</ref>.

==Science Payload==
The LCROSS science payload consists of two near-infrared spectrometers, a visible light spectrometer, two mid-infrared cameras, two near-infrared cameras, a visible camera and a visible radiometer.

{|
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"|'''LCROSS Science Loadout'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Instrument'''
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Target'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Spectrometers(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Ice, Vapor, Grain Size, Hydrates
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Spectrometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |H2O+ (619 nm), OH (308nm), Search organics
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Mid Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Pre-impact terrain, Total Water, Ejecta Blanket
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Total Water
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Context Camera
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Impact location, Plume morphology
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Photometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Flash light curve
|-
| COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" | LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments<ref>[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/instruments.htm LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments]</ref>
|-
|}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter1.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS plume developing with S-SC looking outward and down. Photo credit: NASA]]

==Project Team==
*Sponsor: [[NASA Ames Research Center]]
*Principal Investigator: [[Dr. Anthony Colaprete]]
*[[Kim Ennico]]
*[[Diane Wooden]]
*[[Tony Ricco]]
*[[Geoff Briggs]]
*[[LPRP]] Program Scientist: [[Ben Bussey]]
*Prime Contractor: [[Northrup Space Technologies]] of Redondo Beach, Calif.

==External Links==

[http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/LCROSS/ LCROSS website]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Landers]]
[[Category:Instruments]]
[[Category:Experiments]]
[[Category:Remote Sensing]]
[[Category:Spacecraft]]
[[Category:Missions]]
[[Category:Mission Plans]]

LCROSS

2008-08-12T18:45:11Z

67.63.172.166:

{{Mission Stub}}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter3.jpg|right|thumb|300px|LCROSS ready to separate from its Centaur upper stage. Photo credit: NASA]]

{|align=left
|__TOC__
|}

LCROSS Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite

The Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), was purpose built to search for [[water|H2O]] on the [[Moon]] and is to be launched as a secondary payload on [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter]]. The smaller secondary payload spacecraft will travel with the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) satellite to the moon on the same Atlas-Centaur EELV rocket to be launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. After launch, the 'secondary payload,' LCROSS spacecraft will arrive in the lunar vicinity independent of the LRO satellite. On the way to the moon, the spacecraft's two main parts, the Shepherding Spacecraft (S-S/C) and the [[Centaur]] Upper Stage will remain coupled.

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter2.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS Centaur upper stage heading towards impact site. Photo credit: NASA]]

As the spacecraft approaches the moon's south pole, the 2000kg Centaur will separate and then will impact a crater in a polar region of the moon 7 hours later at 9,000 km/hr, producing an explosion 200 times more powerful than that of [[Lunar Prospector]] and equivalent to about 2,000 pounds of TNT (6.5 billion joules). The blast will jettison a plume of material out of the crater where astronomers can search the debris for signs of lunar water. The plume from the Centaur crash will develop as the Shepherding Spacecraft heads in towards the moon. The S-S/C will fly through the plume, and instruments on the spacecraft will analyze the cloud to look for signs of water and other compounds. Additional space and earth-based instruments also will study the huge plume, which scientists expect to be 1000 metric tons. The booster impact is set to occur sometime between May and August 2009, depending on launch dates. The other half of the LCROSS mission, weighing 700kg (the Shepherding Spacecraft), will observe the impact and then itself crash into the Moon 10 minutes later.

Most of the Moon lacks water and is extremely low in other volatiles. With a very tenuous argon astmosphere and 300° temperature swings between night and day, most of the Moon's surface is a hostile place for water. However there are a few cold, dark places where water molecules could collect and remain frozen. At the lunar poles, the sun is always low on the horizon, so some crater ridges cast shadows that keep parts of the crater floors in perpetual darkness. Temperatures in the shadows hover around 40° above absolute zero (-233° Celsius), cold enough for water ice to survive indefinitely.

'''{Possible errors in this section.}'''

'''The explosion itself will probably be hidden by the walls of the target crater.''' Instead, what astronomers will look for is the impact plume. An expanding cone of ejecta will rise more nearly 50 kilometers above the lunar surface and '''spread outward for about 40 km in every direction. The debris is expected to shine like a 6th to 8th magnitude star—invisible to the human eye but an easy target for backyard telescopes.'''

'''{end section}'''

[[Image:LunarImpact.jpg|right|thumb|450px|The life cycle of a lunar impact and associated time and special scales. The LCROSS measurement methods are “layered” in response to the rapidly evolving impact environment. Photo Credit: NASA]]

The LCROSS mission will help determine if there is water hidden in the permanently dark craters of one of the moon's poles. "If LCROSS's booster stage hits a patch of lunar regolith that contains at least 0.5 percent water ice, water should be detectable in the plume of ejecta," per Anthony Colaprete<ref>[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2008/11aug_lcross.htm?list994099 A Flash of Insight: LCROSS Mission Update] - Edited by Dr. Tony Phillips, [http://science.nasa.gov/ Science@NASA]</ref>.

==Science Payload==
The LCROSS science payload consists of two near-infrared spectrometers, a visible light spectrometer, two mid-infrared cameras, two near-infrared cameras, a visible camera and a visible radiometer.

{|
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"|'''LCROSS Science Loadout'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Instrument'''
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |'''Target'''
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Spectrometers(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Ice, Vapor, Grain Size, Hydrates
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Spectrometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |H2O+ (619 nm), OH (308nm), Search organics
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Mid Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Pre-impact terrain, Total Water, Ejecta Blanket
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Near Infra-red Cameras(2)
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Total Water
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Context Camera
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Impact location, Plume morphology
|-
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Visible Photometer
| STYLE="background:#d1d1d1" |Flash light curve
|-
| COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" | LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments<ref>[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/instruments.htm LCROSS Technical Info: Instruments]</ref>
|-
|}

[[Image:LCROSSmain_lunarorbiter1.jpg|left|thumb|300px|LCROSS plume developing with S-SC looking outward and down. Photo credit: NASA]]

==Project Team==
*Sponsor: [[NASA Ames Research Center]]
*Principal Investigator: [[Dr. Anthony Colaprete]]
*[[Kim Ennico]]
*[[Diane Wooden]]
*[[Tony Ricco]]
*[[Geoff Briggs]]
*[[LPRP]] Program Scientist: [[Ben Bussey]]
*Prime Contractor: [[Northrup Space Technologies]] of Redondo Beach, Calif.

==External Links==

[http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/LCROSS/ LCROSS website]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Landers]]
[[Category:Instruments]]
[[Category:Experiments]]
[[Category:Remote Sensing]]
[[Category:Spacecraft]]
[[Category:Missions]]
[[Category:Mission Plans]]

In Situ Resource Utilization

2008-08-04T08:46:05Z

67.63.172.166: /* Lunar Gasses (other than oxygen) */ expanding list

{{Stub}}
{{Wikify}}

'''In Situ Resource Utilization''' (''ISRU'') refers to the production of useful materials from the resources available at a given location. (The phrase is from the Latin ''in situ'', meaning "at the site", or "in place".)

One form of ISRU is [[In-Situ Propellant Production]], (''ISPP''), or manufacture of rocket fuel from local resources; the term ISPP is no longer currently much used, in favor of the more generic terminology ISRU, which incorporates use of in-situ resources for uses other than propellant.

ISRU can be categorized into production of materials useful at the current location, primarily:
*life support
*propellant
*radiation shielding
*[[List of Construction Materials | construction]] and structural materials
*raw materials for other production useful for habitat expansion

''It may be possible to commercialize these processes to produce:''

:'''materials for use elsewhere in space:'''
:*propellant for exploration and colonization
:*building materials for habitats and spacecraft
:'''materials as commodities for possible sale back to Earth:'''
:*high-value materials, such as [[Platinum Group Metals]]
:*bulk materials, such as nickel and iron refined from asteroidal resources
:*materials for manufacture of solar power satellites to export energy to Earth

==ISRU possible on the moon==
 
===Construction Materials===
*[[Cast Basalt]] 
*[[Sulfurous Concrete]]
*[[Sintered Regolith]]
*[[Steam Injected Concrete]]

===Lunar Oxygen ([[LUNOX]])===
(see also listing on [[LUNOX]] page)
*[[Ilmenite Reduction]]
*[[Glass Reduction]]
*[[Fluorine reaction]]
*[[Magma electrolysis]]
*Aluminum reduction
*Carbothermal reduction
*Methane reduction

===Metals===
* [[Free Iron]]
* [[Aluminum]]
* [[Magnesium]]
* [[Titanium]]

===Lunar Gasses (other than oxygen)===
*'''[[Hydrogen]]''' from electrolysis of Lunar Polar water and regolith deposits
*[[Helium]]
*[[Argon]]
*[[Nitrogen]]
*[[Neon]]
*[[Radon]]
*[[Carbon Dioxide]]
*[[Carbon Monoxide]]
*[[Methane]]
*[[Hydrogen Sulfide]]

*[[Volatiles]]

==Related Articles==
*[[LUNOX]]
*[[Ore Bodies]]
*[[Resource Values | Value of commodities]]
*[[Lunar outgassing]]
*[[List of Resources]]
*[[List of Construction Materials]]

==External Links==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-Situ_Resource_Utilization In Situ Resource Utilization at Wikipedia]
*[http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/technology/moon_mining_041110.html Mining the moon article at Space.com]

[[Category:ISRU]]

Ilmenite Reduction

2008-05-31T17:29:57Z

67.63.172.166: /* Carbothermal Reduction */ typo

{{Expand}}
[[image:ilmen_reduced.GIF|thumb|Lunar Ilmenite reduced at 1050°C for 3 hrs]]
[[Reduction]] of [[ilmenite]] (FeTiO3) is a chemical reaction proposed for use in production of oxygen ([[LUNOX]]) from lunar resources.

==Hydrogen Reduction==
[[Hydrogen]] reduction is one method currently being tested by many Universities. Products of the hydrogen reduction are free [[iron]], [[titanium dioxide]], and [[water]]. The resulting water can be removed by condensation and separated via electrolysis to produce oxygen and H2 (hydrogen). The hydrogen is then be recycled into the reaction.

The basic process sequence is to separate ilmenite from lunar soil, crush it to a fine powder to maximize the surface area, heat the ilmenite in an enclosed reaction vessel in the presence of hydrogen gas, condense the steam which is produced by the reaction, and then use electrolysis to separate the water into hydrogen and oxygen. The process is best utilized if the plant is sited in a location in which ilmenite composes a high fraction of the soil.

The reaction sequence is:
 
''Reduction'': 
FeTiO3+H2 ---->Fe+TiO2+H2O
 ''Electrolysis'':
 
2H2O ---->2 H2+ O2
 
''Net Reaction'': 2FeTiO3---->2Fe+2TiO2+ O2
 
==Carbothermal Reduction==

Oxygen can be retrieved from [[Ilmenite]] and [[Rutile]] by means of carbothermal reduction. In experiments, powdered [[carbon]] and powdered ilmenite were evenly mixed and then heated. The end products of this reaction are Oxygen and a super alloy of [[iron|Iron (Fe)]] and Titanium Carbide (TiC) which has a high chemical stability. While this method provides a means of retrieving all of the oxygen from ilmenite and a potential of producing high strength materials from lunar regolith, it is at the cost of highly valuable carbon needed for biological processes.
{| cellpadding="10" style="border-style:none;border-width:0px"
| style="border-style:dashed; border-width:1px; border-color:#36648B; background:#F0F8FF;" | '''Please note:''' 
This section is a placeholder for work currently in progress. -- [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 16:17, 26 May 2008 (UTC)
|}

==Other Methods of Ilmenite reduction==
Carbothermal reduction of Ilmenite 
Li or Na reduction of Ilmenite 
Methane reduction of Ilmenite 
Plasma reduction of Ilmenite 

==External Links==
*ISRU on the Moon. by Larry Taylor [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar_knowledge/LTaylor.pdf http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar_knowledge/LTaylor.pdf]
*Extraction Techniques-Oxygen. G. L. Kulcinski, February 18, 2004 [http://fti.neep.wisc.edu/neep533/SPRING2004/lecture13.pdf http://fti.neep.wisc.edu/neep533/SPRING2004/lecture13.pdf]
*Processing Lunar Soils for Oxygen and Other Materials. Knudsen & Gibson [http://nss.org/settlement/nasa/spaceresvol3/plsoom1.htm http://nss.org/settlement/nasa/spaceresvol3/plsoom1.htm]
*[http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/HumanExplore/Exploration/EXLibrary/DOCS/EIC048.HTML Lunar Oxygen Production - A Maturing Technology]
 

[[Category:Air Supply]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]
[[Category:ISRU]]

Ilmenite Reduction

2008-05-31T17:28:28Z

67.63.172.166: /* Carbothermal Reduction */ Starter info

{{Expand}}
[[image:ilmen_reduced.GIF|thumb|Lunar Ilmenite reduced at 1050°C for 3 hrs]]
[[Reduction]] of [[ilmenite]] (FeTiO3) is a chemical reaction proposed for use in production of oxygen ([[LUNOX]]) from lunar resources.

==Hydrogen Reduction==
[[Hydrogen]] reduction is one method currently being tested by many Universities. Products of the hydrogen reduction are free [[iron]], [[titanium dioxide]], and [[water]]. The resulting water can be removed by condensation and separated via electrolysis to produce oxygen and H2 (hydrogen). The hydrogen is then be recycled into the reaction.

The basic process sequence is to separate ilmenite from lunar soil, crush it to a fine powder to maximize the surface area, heat the ilmenite in an enclosed reaction vessel in the presence of hydrogen gas, condense the steam which is produced by the reaction, and then use electrolysis to separate the water into hydrogen and oxygen. The process is best utilized if the plant is sited in a location in which ilmenite composes a high fraction of the soil.

The reaction sequence is:
 
''Reduction'': 
FeTiO3+H2 ---->Fe+TiO2+H2O
 ''Electrolysis'':
 
2H2O ---->2 H2+ O2
 
''Net Reaction'': 2FeTiO3---->2Fe+2TiO2+ O2
 
==Carbothermal Reduction==

Oxygen can be retrieved from [[Ilmenite]] and [[Rutile]] by means of carbothermal reduction. In experiments, powdered [[carbon]] and powdered ilmenite were evenly mixed and then heated. The end products of this reaction are Oxygen and a super alloy of [[iron|Iron (Fe)]] and Titanium Carbide (TiC) which has a high chemical stability. While this method provides a means of retrieving all of the oxygen from ilmenite and a potential of producing high strength materials lunar regolith, it is at the cost of highly valuable carbon needed for biological processes.
{| cellpadding="10" style="border-style:none;border-width:0px"
| style="border-style:dashed; border-width:1px; border-color:#36648B; background:#F0F8FF;" | '''Please note:''' 
This section is a placeholder for work currently in progress. -- [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 16:17, 26 May 2008 (UTC)
|}

==Other Methods of Ilmenite reduction==
Carbothermal reduction of Ilmenite 
Li or Na reduction of Ilmenite 
Methane reduction of Ilmenite 
Plasma reduction of Ilmenite 

==External Links==
*ISRU on the Moon. by Larry Taylor [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar_knowledge/LTaylor.pdf http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar_knowledge/LTaylor.pdf]
*Extraction Techniques-Oxygen. G. L. Kulcinski, February 18, 2004 [http://fti.neep.wisc.edu/neep533/SPRING2004/lecture13.pdf http://fti.neep.wisc.edu/neep533/SPRING2004/lecture13.pdf]
*Processing Lunar Soils for Oxygen and Other Materials. Knudsen & Gibson [http://nss.org/settlement/nasa/spaceresvol3/plsoom1.htm http://nss.org/settlement/nasa/spaceresvol3/plsoom1.htm]
*[http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/HumanExplore/Exploration/EXLibrary/DOCS/EIC048.HTML Lunar Oxygen Production - A Maturing Technology]
 

[[Category:Air Supply]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]
[[Category:ISRU]]

Serendipity

2008-05-23T19:02:48Z

67.63.172.166: grammar

{|align=right
|__TOC__
|}

 Forget Planning, Count on Serendipity 
----

Sometimes too much planning can be a bad thing.

==An Ancient Tale==

There is a very ancient tale about five sisters of royal birth with the family name Seren. They all went on a trip together. Their younger brother and heir to their father's throne had just been taken prisoner in some minor war and was being held for ransom. They set out with a great entourage to set him free.

They traveled long and hard on this great adventure and many surprising things happened to them. All of these things were good! By the time they found out that their brother had escaped and made it back home with his tail between his legs, they were all engaged to various princes and all fabulously wealthy. They did not even have to pay the ransom.

==Lunarpedia on Purpose==

There have been many times in the history of science and technology when serendipity has won out. The discovery of penicillin stands out. You can forget planning if you want, but you must be out there working hard on one idea after another for serendipity to do its magic.

One purpose of Lunarpedia then is to do a random walk through space settlement ideas until something good happens.

Return to [[Purposes List]].

[[Category:Purposes]]
[[Category:Business]]

Sintered Regolith

2008-05-19T05:59:56Z

67.63.172.166:

==Sintered Regolith==
Sintered [[regolith]] falls into the category of ceramic materials. Sintering is the process most common to ceramics. When bricks are made from clay on Earth first the bricks are heated long enough and hot enough to drive out the water. Then the heating is increased to cause partial melting or vitrification. This is the sintering process. The unmelted particles provide a stable shape and size during the process which involves some shrinkage and a decrease in porosity.
===Lunar Considerations===
On Luna water for mixing the various particles would be very expensive and recycling the water would never be 100% effective. So it is hoped that mixing of dry powders will provide satisfactory bricks. There is the example of mixing dry powders for [[powder metallurgy]], which is a sintering process performed on Earth. More will be known about the quality of bricks possible from lunar materials when the research can be done on Luna. A possibility to consider is the [[Sintered Brick Construction|sintering of bricks]] in an oxygen atmosphere as opposed to in a vacuum.

==Hybrid Microwave Sintering==
Research conducted by NASA Johnson Space Center and Lockheed Engineering & Sciences Co. has indicated that the lunar simulant [[MLS-1]] can be successfully sintered using a [http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/HumanExplore/Exploration/EXLibrary/DOCS/EIC049.HTML combination] of both microwave and radiant heating.

The crucible was surrounded by silicon carbide bricks, which converted part of the 2.45GHz microwave energy to heat. This radiant heating kept the outside of the regolith hot while microwaves heated the inside at the same temperature of 980 degrees Celsius for 35 minutes. Microwave power was then slowly reduced over several hours. The result was an evenly heated and cooled sintered block with no fractures capable of withstanding up to approximately 1,100 psi.
===Oxygen Retrieval and Magnetic Handling===
Hybrid microwave sintering in a flowing hydrogen atmosphere resulted in the reduction of [[iron oxide]] to produce [[iron]] in the sample and [[water]] which escaped as vapor. This additional process provides a means of oxygen retrieval as well as increasing the iron content so that bricks can be lifted using a magnet.

==External Links==
*[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/LPSC99/pdf/1562.pdf Construction Materials for Planetary Outposts: A Review - LPI] .. PDF
*[http://isru.msfc.nasa.gov/lib/Documents/PDF%20Files/Final_LSRM_Report_12-9-05.pdf Lunar Regolith Simulant Materials: Recommendations for Standardization, Production and Usage - NASA MSFC] .. PDF
*[http://www.permanent.com/i-sinter.htm Sintering of Lunar and Asteroidal Material - PERMANENT]
*[http://coewww.rutgers.edu/~benaroya/publications/Ruess%20et%20al%20ASCE%20JAE.pdf Structural Design of a Lunar Habitat - Journal of Aerospace Engineering, July 2006, pg 137] .. PDF
*[http://www.nss.org/settlement/spaceresources/1998-InSituResourcesForConstructionOfPlanetaryOutposts.pdf Workshop on using In-Situ resources for construction of planetary outposts - LPI] .. PDF
*[http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/HumanExplore/Exploration/EXLibrary/DOCS/EIC049.HTML Sintering Bricks on the Moon - NASA JSC]
*[http://gsfctechnology.gsfc.nasa.gov/Cardiff.pdf Vacuum Pyrolysis and Related ISRU Techniques - NASA GSFC] .. PDF

Sintered Regolith

2008-05-19T05:59:03Z

67.63.172.166: Hybrid Microwave Sintering

==Sintered Regolith==
Sintered regolith falls into the catagory of ceramic materials. Sintering is the process most common to ceramics. When bricks are made from clay on Earth first the bricks are heated long enough and hot enough to drive out the water. Then the heating is increased to cause partial melting or vitrification. This is the sintering process. The unmelted particles provide a stable shape and size during the process which involves some shrinkage and a decrease in porosity.
===Lunar Considerations===
On Luna water for mixing the various particles would be very expensive and recycling the water would never be 100% effective. So it is hoped that mixing of dry powders will provide satisfactory bricks. There is the example of mixing dry powders for [[powder metallurgy]], which is a sintering process performed on Earth. More will be known about the quality of bricks possible from lunar materials when the research can be done on Luna. A possibility to consider is the [[Sintered Brick Construction|sintering of bricks]] in an oxygen atmosphere as opposed to in a vacuum.

==Hybrid Microwave Sintering==
Research conducted by NASA Johnson Space Center and Lockheed Engineering & Sciences Co. has indicated that the lunar simulant [[MLS-1]] can be successfully sintered using a [http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/HumanExplore/Exploration/EXLibrary/DOCS/EIC049.HTML combination] of both microwave and radiant heating.

The crucible was surrounded by silicon carbide bricks, which converted part of the 2.45GHz microwave energy to heat. This radiant heating kept the outside of the regolith hot while microwaves heated the inside at the same temperature of 980 degrees Celsius for 35 minutes. Microwave power was then slowly reduced over several hours. The result was an evenly heated and cooled sintered block with no fractures capable of withstanding up to approximately 1,100 psi.
===Oxygen Retrieval and Magnetic Handling===
Hybrid microwave sintering in a flowing hydrogen atmosphere resulted in the reduction of [[iron oxide]] to produce [[iron]] in the sample and [[water]] which escaped as vapor. This additional process provides a means of oxygen retrieval as well as increasing the iron content so that bricks can be lifted using a magnet.

==External Links==
*[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/LPSC99/pdf/1562.pdf Construction Materials for Planetary Outposts: A Review - LPI] .. PDF
*[http://isru.msfc.nasa.gov/lib/Documents/PDF%20Files/Final_LSRM_Report_12-9-05.pdf Lunar Regolith Simulant Materials: Recommendations for Standardization, Production and Usage - NASA MSFC] .. PDF
*[http://www.permanent.com/i-sinter.htm Sintering of Lunar and Asteroidal Material - PERMANENT]
*[http://coewww.rutgers.edu/~benaroya/publications/Ruess%20et%20al%20ASCE%20JAE.pdf Structural Design of a Lunar Habitat - Journal of Aerospace Engineering, July 2006, pg 137] .. PDF
*[http://www.nss.org/settlement/spaceresources/1998-InSituResourcesForConstructionOfPlanetaryOutposts.pdf Workshop on using In-Situ resources for construction of planetary outposts - LPI] .. PDF
*[http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/HumanExplore/Exploration/EXLibrary/DOCS/EIC049.HTML Sintering Bricks on the Moon - NASA JSC]
*[http://gsfctechnology.gsfc.nasa.gov/Cardiff.pdf Vacuum Pyrolysis and Related ISRU Techniques - NASA GSFC] .. PDF

User:Jarogers2001

2008-03-28T18:51:47Z

67.63.172.166:

[[Image:JamesR.JPG|right|thumb|James Rogers]]

{| style="align: right; float: right; border: 0px" cellspacing = 0
|{{User Sysop}}
|-
|{{User Marsp Sysop}}
|-
|{{User Exd Sysop}}
|-
|{{User Sf Sysop}}
|-
|{{User Member}}
|-
|{{User MarsS Member}}
|-
|}

Father of one. 
Gardener, chef, tinkerer, HAM Radio operator, amateur geologist (rock collector), Nerd and general handyman. 
My Myers-Briggs Personality type [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENTJ ENTJ] 
 
I am currently enrolled in a University Transfer Program for Mathematics and Engineering. 
Prospective degree: Bachelor. Aerospace Engineering/Astronautix.
==Lunar Interests==
''If it is done every day down here, it can also be done up there.'' 
 
Human Waste Reclamation as a basis for Agriculture and Manufacturing.
*Urine, feces, flakes of skin, toenails, hair, and other bodily fluids can provide a wealth of bio-materials with a minimum of processing. Reclamation of water is also necessary.
*Passive sterilization by exposure to outside radiation.
Lunar Geology and Resources.
*[[KREEP]], [[outgassing]], and [[regolith]], if harvested and processed, may cut down on the supplies required from earth.
Chemistry as a means of ISRU and Manufacturing.
*Chemistry will allow us to reduce lunar minerals into raw materials and finished products.
**Examples:
***From [[Ilmenite]] to [[oxygen]] via [[ilmenite reduction]].
***From [[KREEP]] to [[potassium phosphate]] fertilizer, [[Nuclear Fission|nuclear fuel]], and a variety of useful metals ([[Rare Earth Elements]]).
Biochemistry as a means of ISRU and Manufacturing.
*Biochemistry will allow us to process and utilize our own biological waste as well as make use of other organisms.
**Examples:
***[[Ammonia]] fertilizer from [[urine]] and fecal fluids.
***[[Beer]] in a sintered cup sheathed in [[soy]] plastic.
==Mars Interests==
More. MORE! 
 
The knowledge, it fills me. It is NEAT....
==Current Projects==
Currently Occupied
 
 
email/AIM - jarogers2001 (the_at-symbol) aol (period) com

Palladium

2008-03-23T03:52:01Z

67.63.172.166: this test by J

{{Element |
name=Palladium |
symbol=Pd |
available= |
need= |
number=46 |
mass=106.42 |
group=10 |
period=5 |
phase=Solid |
series=Transition Metals |
density=12.023 g/cm3 |
melts=1828.05K, 1554.9°C, 2830.82°F |
boils=3236K, 2963°C, 5365°F) |
isotopes=102 104 105 106 108 110 |
prior=[[Rhodium|Rh]] |
next=[[Silver|Ag]] |
above=[[Nickel|Ni]] |
aprior=[[Cobalt|Co]] |
anext=[[Copper|Cu]] |
below=[[Platinum|Pt]] |
bprior=[[Iridium|Ir]] |
bnext=[[Platinum|Pt]] |
radius=140 |
bohr=169 |
covalent=131 |
vdwr=163 |
irad=(+2) 64 |
ipot=8.34 |
econfig=1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 |
eshell=2, 8, 18, 18, 0 |
enega=2.2 |
eaffin=0.56 |
oxstat='''2''', 4 |
magn=? |
cryst=Face centered cubic |
}}
'''Palladium''' is a Transition Metal in group 10.
It has a Face centered cubic crystalline structure.
This element has 6 stable isotopes: 102, 104, 105, 106, 108, and 110.
 

==Related Articles==
*[[Platinum Group Metals]]
*[[Ruthenium]]
*[[Rhodium]]
*[[Osmium]]
*[[Iridium]]
*[[Platinum]]
*[[Resource Values]]
*[[Periodic Table]]

{{Autostub}}
[[Category:Solids]]
[[Category:Transition Metals ]]

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Penis Pills? Yes!!
url
[http://www.space.com space.com]

Lunar outgassing

2007-02-20T17:57:24Z

67.63.172.166: its a beginning

{{stub}}

Outgassing events in which [[radon]], [[nitrogen]], and [[carbon dioxide]] are vented to the surface, may be the result of low level volcanic or tectonic events on the moon, and are hypothesized to be the source of the extremely thin lunar atmosphere.

The [[Alpha Particle Spectrometer]] aboard [[Lunar Prospector]] was designed to detect these events by tracking the [[alpha particle|alpha particles]] emitted during the decay of radon and [[polonium]] (a daughter element in it's decay series). The APS data was obscured by solar activity during the mission, but may be viewable once the effects of solar activity have been filtered out. This task has not been done.

List of Offworld Medical Risks

2007-02-20T17:37:29Z

67.63.172.166: added muscular atrophy

[[Bone Loss]] 
[[Claustrophobia]] 
[[Circadian Rhythm Dysfunction]] 
[[Medical Emergencies]] 
[[Muscular Atrophy]] 
[[Radiation Sickness]] 

[[Category:Bootstrap Lists]]

List of Exports

2007-02-20T04:04:18Z

67.63.172.166: added oxygen

*[[Helium 3]]
*[[Oxygen]]
*[[Lunar Regolith]] for radiation shielding
*Raw materials for [[Solar Power Satellites]]
*[[Tourism]] (invisible export)

[[Category:Business]]
[[Category:Colonization]]
[[Category:Bootstrap lists]]

KREEP

2007-02-16T18:36:26Z

67.63.172.166:

{{Stub}} Some of the following information may be taken from outdated sources and may be incorrect. You can help ''Lunarpedia'' by correcting it 
KREEP is an acronym used in geochemistry to represent a mixture of K-[[potassium]], REE-[[rare earth elements]], and P-[[phosphorus]]. It is not only the main source of these elements on the moon, but also many other trace elements such as [[uranium]], [[thorium]], [[fluorine]], [[chlorine]], and [[zirconium]].

==Applications==
It is considered a convenient tracer for researchers seeking to chronicle the volcanic history of the lunar surface, as well as impacts of celestial bodies.

===KREEP as an Ore===
''"On the Moon, elements have not been concentrated into what we would call ores through geological processing in the presence of water. We have instead "poor ores" if you can call them ores at all.

''So wherever we find special concentrations, these are certainly places to consider in mining and processing operations. We will want to get beyond the new stone age on the Moon, and have a post-Flintstonian civilization :-)

''So to get alloy ingredients for workable metals, nutrients for agriculture, industrial reagents and much more, special concentrations such as [[ilmenite]] and KREEP will play a vital role." - [[Peter Kokh]]''

*[[Fluorine]] - useful in [[fluorine reaction]] of [[regolith]] to produce [[oxygen]]
*[[Sodium]] - industrially can be used to dope mare basalt in order to lower its melting point far enough so that it can be used as a glass matrix for glass fibers made from highland [[regolith]] with a higher melting point.
*[[Potassium]] - can be used industrially for doping basalt (see sodium). Agriculturally it is an important component of some fertilizers.
*[[Phosphorus]] - Also an important component in some agricultural fertilizers
*[[Thorium]] - Useful as a fuel in some nuclear reactors, as well as an ingredient in some super alloys
*[[Uranium]] - A nuclear power source
Rare Earth Elements
*[[Cerium]]
*[[Praseodymium]]
*[[Neodymium]]
*[[Promethium]]
*[[Samarium]]
*[[Europium]]
*[[Gadolinium]]
*[[Terbium]]
*[[Dysprosium]]
*[[Holmium]]
*[[Erbium]]
*[[Thulium]]
*[[Ytterbium]]
*[[Lutetium]]


==Origins and Distribution==
Many scientists consider this component of lunar rocks to be the remnant of a magma ocean which covered the surface of the moon approximately 4.5 billion years ago after the moon formed by accretion from debris cast out in a cataclysmic collision between earth and another celestial body about the size of mars.

KREEP is a composite of what scientists term "incompatible elements": elements which cannot fit into the crystal structures formed by cooling magma. This resulted in a KREEP rich magma sandwiched between the floating anorthositic plagioclase of the lunar crust and the precipitating minerals that formed the mantle. Although it was common belief that this process would form an evenly distributed global layer of KREEP magma, the [[Gamma Ray Spectrometer]] aboard [[Lunar Prospector]] shows that KREEP is mainly concentrated in the area of [[Oceanus Procellarum]] and [[Mare Imbrium]]. This unusual geological region is now referred to as the [[Procellarum KREEP Terrane]]. Deep penetrating impact basins away from this region show only modest or no KREEP concentrations in their ejecta and rims.

KREEP is kicked up in the ejecta or "splash out" produced in impacts taking place on or in close proximity to basaltic lava flows, as well as in major impacts which penetrate the crust. Some of this splash out was brought back by the [[Apollo 15]] mission in fragments generally smaller than 1cm. These samples are believed to have originated after the impact which formed the Imbrium basin[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v336/n6201/abs/336751a0.html].

==Related Articles==
*[[Rare Earth Elements]]

==External Links==
*[http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/results/gamres.htm NASA Gamma Ray Spectrometer Results]
*[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v336/n6201/abs/336751a0.html Quenching and disruption of lunar KREEP lava flows by impacts]
*[http://66.225.140.1/minsci/future/geomoon.htm Mining in Manitoba: Lunar Geology]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KREEP Wikipedia]
*[http://www.asi.org/adb/06/09/03/02/089/lunar-prospector.html Artemis Data Book: Lunar Prospector]

[[Category:Selenology]]

MMM

2007-02-16T18:17:16Z

67.63.172.166: Redirecting to Moon Miners' Manifesto

#REDIRECT [[Moon Miners' Manifesto]]

User talk:Strangelv

2007-02-07T17:20:16Z

67.63.172.166:

'''If you need to leave a message for me you can do so here by editing this page. Please don't forget to sign your message with '~~~~'.'''

Be happy to help. I'm new to editing though, and my html is rusty.
[[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 03:05, 1 January 2007 (PST)

My Trigonometry is non-existant at this point. I dont start college level trig until January 16th.
[[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 21:31, 1 January 2007 (PST)

Charles mentioned a page structure with GFDL for wikipedia material? Is that for imported articles or all articles that site wikipedia in their content? [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 19:45, 7 January 2007 (PST)

:GFDL is the licence that Wikipedia uses, which is why I created the GFDL namespace after lunarpedia list voted in favor of it as one of three licences for Lunarpedia to use. GFDL is viral. Referencing it doesn't infect the source article, but using it for a base or including chunks beyond public-domainable quotations will turn non-GFDL content into GFDL content or cause a GFDL violation.

:One ambiguity is if GFDL has the '150 contributor' problem where all 150 contributors to a given article must be credited if you're using it. My take on it is that it does (and I'm not the only one, although Wikimedia doesn't seem to be enforcing it that way and may occasionally be in violation of their own licence), thus the import tutorial (where theoretically at least all 150 contributors are listed in the article history and thus credited)... As a matter of fact, this IS one of the reasons I argued for public domain instead -- no copyright means no entanglements, although it seriously constrains our available selection of stock content to swipe and put into the main namespace. -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 21:14, 7 January 2007 (PST)

----------
would it be possible on the bottom of the elements template to put the above/below element symbols above and below the symbol for the current element? -- [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 00:30, 21 January 2007 (PST)

:Please feel free to make changes and especially additions you find appropriate. --[[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 00:33, 21 January 2007 (PST)

==Periodic Table==
I had the Lanth/Act conversation with my chemistry teacher. Since the lanthanide/actinide series fail to share the same properties of what the current arrangement would say their groups should be and no grouping convention has been agreed upon, we should probably leave them blank. The extended periodic table solves the grouping problem but is made up of mostly theoretical elements with only one element that is not on the standard table falling within the "island of stability". Best bet would be to plug a (none) possibly linked to IUPAC in that field. [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 18:16, 26 January 2007 (PST)
:If I leave some data fields blank, will it cause any conflict with the autostub program? [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 05:15, 3 February 2007 (PST)
::The only case where I've thought of a blank field as being a problem was the group column (where I improvised '19'), but in general, do what you need to with the dataset, make sure I correctly understand what the final result is, and I'll adapt the script accordingly. ...and feel free to leave unhandy information blank. -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 09:28, 3 February 2007 (PST)
:::I've finished the spreadsheet. Will there be any information lost from the current articles when autostub populates the elements? If so, we need to move those articles so their information can be merged with the autostubs later. [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 13:05, 6 February 2007 (PST)
::::We need to create a test. Your email to the list bounced because of the address you used to send it, but it also stripped out the attachments (attachments and html are automatically stripped out -- this sometimes results in emails showing up completely blank) Let me see if I can crank one out. Working on a new cleanup tag for Peter's article. -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 13:10, 6 February 2007 (PST)
:::::I shot one to dimensionality. did you get it?[[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 13:18, 6 February 2007 (PST)
::::::I see the attachment. Standby. About to perform the test. -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 13:28, 6 February 2007 (PST)
::::::Not the expected result, but definitely not a destructive overwrite. http://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Lunarpedia:TEST1&action=history -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 13:33, 6 February 2007 (PST)
:::::::Forgot how to do the export. [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 14:07, 6 February 2007 (PST)
::::::::http://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Special:Export -- list the articles by name here, then save the XML file you get. Doublescheck its structure to see that it's a valid XML document and not hhmlish mangle. -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 14:11, 6 February 2007 (PST)
::::::::...and don't forget to uncheck the 'current revision only' box! -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 14:13, 6 February 2007 (PST)
:::::::::Export completed. [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 14:56, 6 February 2007 (PST)
-----------------
Doing tests. I'll check it this weekend. [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 12:59, 1 February 2007 (PST)
:Is there a way to put the search box above the maintenance section in the sidebar for ease of searching? [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 13:24, 1 February 2007 (PST)
::I don't know,unfortunately. This may require hacking monobook, which we need to do anyway. -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 14:56, 1 February 2007 (PST)
::: You might ask the guys over at [http://www.reefpedia.com/index.php/Main_Page ReefPedia] if they know.
:::: Look again. The only stuff below their search box is the same stuff we have below on ours. We may be on our own for working out how to do that. Possibly stick the search box above the menubar altogether instead of trying to figure out how to insert it into it? -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 09:16, 2 February 2007 (PST)
::::: Hmmmm is it possible to edit the toolbox section and put the maintenance area in there? Putting it above the menu bar may very well be the best option. [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 09:51, 2 February 2007 (PST)
:::::: I wonder if we can clone the menubar and have an upper and lower one. We need a place to discuss specifications for our modified monobook. -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 10:35, 2 February 2007 (PST)
::::::: You know alot more about that than I do. My HTML is considered basic these days. [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 10:49, 2 February 2007 (PST)
:::::::: Mine is only slowly getting back into any semblance of speed. Until a year ago I was using classical markup exclusively -- no CSS at all. -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 10:53, 2 February 2007 (PST)
-----------------
I did all the changes in the test element template. If you would like me to go ahead and transfer them to the regular template, I can do so once I get home. -- Jarogers

User talk:Cfrjlr

2007-02-07T17:15:10Z

67.63.172.166: already did that

If you change the other element articles besides helium after this point, be sure to let me know on my user talk page so i can back them up before JamesG runs autostub. I'll make a place to list them. [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 15:04, 6 February 2007 (PST)
:I already have the watch feature on those articles, however I may miss some edits as I never know when or for how long I will be able work in lunarpedia due to my schedule. It was meant as a contingency. [[User:67.63.172.166|67.63.172.166]] 09:15, 7 February 2007 (PST)

List of Resources

2007-01-04T02:04:28Z

67.63.172.166: scavengable gas from solar wind

[[Argon]] 
[[Carbon]] 
[[Helium3]] 
[[Helium4]] 
[[Hydrogen]] 
[[Ilmenite]] 
[[Impact Glass]] 
[[KREEP]] 
[[Lunar Regolith]] 
[[Lunar Soil]] 
[[Neon]] 
[[Nitrogen]] 
[[Platinum Group Metals]] 
[[Volcanic Glass]]

List of Resources

2007-01-04T01:49:43Z

67.63.172.166: regolith, soil, glass

[[Helium3]] 
[[Ilmenite]] 
[[Impact Glass]] 
[[KREEP]] 
[[Lunar Regolith]] 
[[Lunar Soil]] 
[[Platinum Group Metals]] 
[[Volcanic Glass]]

List of Component Vendors

2007-01-03T20:49:33Z

67.63.172.166: remove ISC Kosmotras, Bigelow, SpaceX

==Listed by Country/Economy==
===Australia===
===Brazil===
===Canada===
[[Magellan Aerospace]] [http://www.magellanaerospace.com/ http://www.magellanaerospace.com/] 

===China===
===European Union===
[[Alcatel Alenia Space]] [http://www1.alcatel-lucent.com/space/index.htm http://www1.alcatel-lucent.com/space/index.htm] 
[[Ångström Aerospace]] [http://www.aaerospace.com/ http://www.aaerospace.com/] 
[[BAE Systems]] [http://www.baesystems.com/ http://www.baesystems.com/] 
[[EADS]] [http://www.eads.com/ http://www.eads.com/] 
[[Swedish Space Corporation]] [http://www.ssc.se/ http://www.ssc.se/] 

===Japan===
===Russia===
[[RSC Energia]] [http://www.energia.ru/english/ http://www.energia.ru/english/] 
===South Korea===
===United States===
[[Armadillo Aerospace]] 
[[ATK]] 
[[Ball Aerospace]] 
[[Boeing]] [http://www.boeing.com/ http://www.boeing.com/] 
[[Global Aerospace]] 
[[Hughes]] 
[[Interorbital Systems]] 
[[LiftPort Group]] 
[[Lockheed Martin]] [http://www.lockheedmartin.com/ http://www.lockheedmartin.com/] 
[[Michigan Aerospace]] 
[[Micro Aerospace Solutions]] 
[[Raytheon]] 
[[Scaled Composites]] [http://www.scaled.com/ http://www.scaled.com/] 
[[Space Systems Loral]] [http://www.ssloral.com/ http://www.ssloral.com/] 
[[SpaceDev]] 
[[TGV Rockets]] 
[[The Aerospace Corporation]] 
[[XCOR Aerospace]] 

==Needing to be assigned a Country of Origin==

[[Category:Vendors]]
[[Category:Hardware Plans]]
[[Category:Components]]

List of Space Station and Module Companies

2007-01-03T20:33:09Z

67.63.172.166: 5 current vendors

[[Alcatel Alenia Space]] [http://www1.alcatel-lucent.com/space/index.htm http://www1.alcatel-lucent.com/space/index.htm] 
[[Bigelow Aerospace]] [http://www.bigelowaerospace.com/ http://www.bigelowaerospace.com/] 
[[Boeing]] [http://www.boeing.com/ http://www.boeing.com/] 
[[Khrunichev State Research and Production Center]] [http://www.khrunichev.ru/ http://www.khrunichev.ru/] 
[[RSC Energia]] [http://www.energia.ru/english/ http://www.energia.ru/english/]

Solar power satellite

2007-01-01T00:00:00Z

67.63.172.166: Restoring lost redirects

#REDIRECT: [[Solar Power Satellites]]