https://lunarpedia.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=207.114.17.31&feedformat=atomLunarpedia - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T10:56:23ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.34.2https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Category:Stories&diff=5244Category:Stories2007-03-03T22:31:50Z<p>207.114.17.31: Category for stories and other short ficition</p>
<hr />
<div>One way to get people behind an idea is to tell stories. Going back to the Moon is at its heart a great adventure and that is the best kind of story.<br />
<br />
The short fiction in this category is set in a lunar settlement in the near future. The story environment is developed from the technical information in Lunarpedia.<br />
<br />
We would love to hear your tale.</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Sandworms&diff=5243Sandworms2007-03-03T21:29:24Z<p>207.114.17.31: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Sandworm01.gif Humungous Ugly Sandworm]<br />
<br />
==Sandworms, Humungous Ugly Lunar Mining Machines==<br />
<br />
<br />
===Purpose===<br />
<br />
This design note develops ideas for the design of a lunar Helium-3 mining machine as described in Dr. Schmitt's (Apollo-17) book, ''Return to the Moon''. This device is the key technology in obtaining Helium-3 from the Moon for use in large scale power generation on Earth.<br />
<br />
This paper develops ideas for trade studies and basic tests that can be done by high school students. The idea is to describe a lunar miner that meets the requirements outlined in Dr. Schmitt's book and then work backwards to studies and tests that can be done today.<br />
<br />
In the book, a Mark II Miner is described in some detail. This design has a number of serious problems. Among them are cooling and maintance. <br />
<br />
Here we will describe a different model 1.0 machine based on lessons learned from recent space projects. Our task then is to work backwards to a model 0.5 design (a small lunar rover to test concepts on the Moon), and finally to a model 0.01 apparatus (Earth based concept testing equipment that can be built today).<br />
<br />
We are looking for technologies that are currently available or can be developed with a reasonable effort for the first generation of lunar miners. We must avoid technologies, like the development of space based nuclear reactors for power, which, if waited for, would slow the development of the lunar miner to a stop. Also our expectation is that we will learn so much from the early lunar trials that any design ideas we now have will probably become obsolete quickly. <br />
<br />
This paper will also provide a detailed description of the lunar Miner to be included in Back to the Moon wiki stories. This is a series of stories about the people who will settle the Moon.<br />
<br />
<br />
===General Description===<br />
<br />
The miner is the key technical design to make Dr. Schmitt's plan for settlement of the Moon work. Helium-3 is the only lunar material that is of sufficient value to economically support settlement of the Moon. Many technology breakthroughs will be needed to make this plan a reality. The miner is only one, but it is an important one.<br />
<br />
The illustrations below show conceptual side and top views of the Humongous Ugly Sandworm (HUS). The name comes from (1) the miner being large enough to carry its solar collector, thermal radiators, and straddle its trench, (2) no consideration what-so-ever being given to the elegance of the design, and (3) the novels by Frank Herbert.<br />
<br />
<br />
The HUS linked above is sized to produce 33 kg/year which is enough to power a medium sized city. It this full sized unit is too unwieldy to be practical, the output can be reduced so that two or three units are needed for this output.<br />
<br />
The HUS body is 26 meters (85 ft.) long, 18 meters (60 ft.) wide, and 4 meters (13 ft.) tall. The drive wheels straddle the trench and do not go down into it. Note the comparative size of the astronaut and maintenance rover.<br />
<br />
The regolith processor hangs under the main tractor and can be carried up under the body for travel over level ground. The regolith processor can be assembled on flat ground, the tractor run over it, and connections made from underneath. The front end can then be lowered slowly and swung from side-to-side picking up regolith fines and rejecting the larger rocks to the bottom of the trench. The trench is 3 meters deep and 11 meters wide. At maximum processing speed the HUS can move the trench front forward at 23 meters (74 ft.) per hour.<br />
<br />
The solar collector is huge measuring 66 meters (85 ft.) by 47 meters (60 ft.), by 37 meters (47 ft.). The one show is pie section of a parabola rotation shown in its noon position and has an area of 1717 square meters. In the morning and afternoon it tips over on its side, so the structure must be strong enough not to change shape very much when tipped.<br />
<br />
Its focal point is an energy collection device at the top of a fixed mast 15 meters (19 ft.) tall. This mast has a hinge at the bottom so that it can be tipped over for maintenance.<br />
<br />
The most of the miner's electrical and mechanical equipment is located in bays along the sides of its base. This location is necessary for easy of access for installation and replacement. These bays are surrounded with bags of regolith for radiation protection. This equipment layout is a key design element.<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Sandworm02.gif Sandworm Top View]<br />
<br />
The top view shows clearly the circular track for the solar collector. This is a major challenge for this design. The top edge of the solar concentrator is ringed with photovoltaic panels.<br />
<br />
The solar collector also carries a large number of thermal radiators on its back and side. When the collector is pointed at the sun, these radiators have a good view of deep space, do not see the sun, and have the least view of the hot lunar surface. The large thermal radiator field is required by the need to reject a significant amount of power. Heat rejection is a major design challenge for high powered space equipment.<br />
<br />
The HUS Model 1.0 departures from the Mark II miner in the following ways:<br />
<br />
* It is out of the trench<br />
* It carries it own complete solar collector<br />
* It has a large field of thermal radiators<br />
* The equipment bays are available for maintenance<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Sandworm03.gif Sandworm, Concentrator Cross Section]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Systems===<br />
<br />
Each key system of the miner must be considered in the design and many ideas for each system must be studied and tested. The key systems of the miner are:<br />
<br />
* '''Handle the Regolith''' - Dig it, sieve it, move it into higher pressure, move it hot, move it out of higher pressure, then dump it out the back<br />
* '''Heat to 700 C''' - Heat it to drive off volatiles. Recycle 85% of this heat.<br />
* '''Collect Volatiles''' - This is essentially a high vacuum pump.<br />
* '''Recover Iron Fines''' - Save the fine iron spheres for reuse.<br />
* '''Power System''' - Provide kilowatts of power and remove the waste heat.<br />
* '''Control System''' - Control this complex device and communicate with Earth.<br />
* '''Motive''' - Move the device forward.<br />
* '''Build it''' - The miner must be easy to construct with lunar material substituted for material from Earth as much as possible.<br />
* '''Maintain it safely''' - The miner must be easy to repair by human and robot teams.<br />
* '''Sleep at night''' - It must pass the night and wake up ready for work<br />
<br />
<br />
===Power In===<br />
<br />
The lunar miner is a large piece of industrial equipment requiring a large amount of power to operate. The majority of this power can be used in the form of heat to drive the volatiles out of the regolith. Additionally, power is needed in the form of electricity to run the electronics, transport the regolith, and drive the minor forward.<br />
<br />
Solar energy is the obvious source for the lunar miner's power. It is abundant ½ the time and is well understood. A number of possible ways to harness solar power have been discussed. Clearly a trade study is needed. The underlying physics is uncomplicated enough that such studies can be handled by students through the use of spread sheets (with some programming additions) and with ray tracing.<br />
<br />
<br />
====Sizing Power Need====<br />
<br />
Schmitt's numbers (pp 119) for the lunar miner are:<br />
<br />
'''Mining power requirements'''<br />
<br />
* lunar process energy (82 Gj/g of solar thermal energy) -- 12.3 MW<br />
* Heat Recovery -- 85%<br />
* Estimate operating electric power -- 200 KW<br />
<br />
'''Mark II solar collector system'''<br />
<br />
* Miner receiver dish (12 meters diameter) -- 112 m2<br />
* Fixed solar reflector (110 meter diameter) -- 9500 m2<br />
<br />
'''Alternative design'''<br />
<br />
* Solar constant -- 1367 W/m2<br />
* Concentration effectiveness -- 75%<br />
* Solar panel efficiency (GaAs) -- 18.5%<br />
* Solar panel output (GaAs) -- 253 W/m2<br />
<br />
These numbers will need review as the design progresses. This level of power will require a very large solar collector supplemented with photovoltaic panels. Four physical arrangements for the solar concentrators should be considered in a trade study:<br />
<br />
<br />
====Large Fixed Solar Relay====<br />
<br />
In this approach a large tracking reflector is placed at fixed location some distance from the lunar miner. The large reflector relays concentrated sun light to a small receiving disk on the miner.<br />
<br />
'''Advantages:'''<br />
<br />
* The receiver disk on miner is of a manageable size.<br />
* The receiver disk has a simplified tracking function.<br />
<br />
'''Disadvantage:'''<br />
<br />
* Inefficiency of the power relay<br />
* Cost of separate installation.<br />
* Cost and difficulty of construction of one large unit<br />
<br />
<br />
====Hillside Multiple Relays====<br />
<br />
A large number of smaller collectors are built on a hill side near the mining operation. The units are on very short towers and built with very low mass design.<br />
<br />
'''Advantages:'''<br />
<br />
* The receiver disk on miner is of a manageable size.<br />
* The receiver disk has a simplified tracking function.<br />
* Less mass from Earth required to build and operate<br />
* Failure of any single disk does not stop mining<br />
<br />
'''Disadvantage:'''<br />
<br />
* Inefficiency of the power relay<br />
* Cost of separate installation.<br />
* Cost and difficulty of construction of many small units<br />
* Availability of appropriately located hill side<br />
<br />
<br />
====Single Full Disk on Miner====<br />
<br />
The miner carries one large circular collector dish.<br />
<br />
'''Advantages:'''<br />
<br />
* The power does not have the relay losses.<br />
* The geometry is simple and well understood<br />
<br />
'''Disadvantage:'''<br />
<br />
* The disk is large requiring a large moving base.<br />
* The collector target moves<br />
<br />
<br />
====Single Solar Forge Section on Miner====<br />
<br />
A single collector consisting of only a section of a turned parabola is mounted on the miner. <br />
<br />
'''Advantages:'''<br />
<br />
* The power does not have the relay losses.<br />
* Tracking the sun is relatively easy.<br />
* The power receiver is in a fixed location.<br />
* The designs supports heat rejection and easy of maintenance.<br />
<br />
'''Disadvantage:'''<br />
<br />
* The miner base is very large.<br />
* The geometry is unusual<br />
<br />
<br />
===Heat Out===<br />
<br />
One of the most difficult tasks for a high power operation in space is to get rid of waste heat. All power systems operate by heat moving from a high temperature reservoir to a low temperature reservoir. The miner's high temperature reservoir is heated by the solar collector and must be maintained above 700 °C (973 K, 920 °F). The radiator field must keep the low temperature reservoir below 20 °C (293 K, 68 °F, room temperature). <br />
<br />
The only reasonable process for the lunar miner is to dump the heat to deep space using thermal radiators. This is made more difficult because the lunar surface heats up during the day to over 200 C. Not only must the radiators not see the sun, they should not see the hot lunar surface.<br />
<br />
A fluid (liquid or gas) is circulated through serpentine plumbing in metal panels which face the cold of deep space. Mechanical means will be needed to keep a view of the sun and of the hot lunar surface away from the thermal panels. This will include mounting panels on the back of the solar collector so they always face away from the sun and mounting metal louvers.<br />
<br />
Even with a system that recovers 85% of the processing heat, the processed regolith fines ejected out the back of the miner will tale a significant amount of heat energy with them.<br />
<br />
The equipment bays will also probably need smaller independent radiator panels to maintain the temperature of electronic equipment. These may need shades or louvers.<br />
<br />
We also want to avoid projecting heat in front of the miner where it might drive volatiles off the unprocessed regolith.<br />
<br />
<br />
====Sizing Power Rejection Need====<br />
<br />
Major thermodynamic study is needed. This is a significant omission from the Mark II design. Such studies cost tens of thousands of dollars, but are the only way to reliably size the thermal radiators.<br />
<br />
Heat rejection from small space systems where the direction of the sun is fixed is not hard. Small radiator panels driven by heat pipes work very well. The task only becomes difficult for high power systems which is the very case we have here. As general rule the radiators need to be comparable in size to the solar collector. In this case their total area must be inconveniently big.<br />
<br />
The lunar miner operating environment makes this problem particularly difficult:<br />
<br />
* There is direct sun on most possible radiator surfaces at some time of the day<br />
* The hot lunar surface takes up much of the field of view in most area<br />
* The solar collector restricts view of sky from the body of the sandworm<br />
* The weight of thermal panels would require a much stronger collector structure<br />
* We must avoid heating unprocessed regolith in front of the miner<br />
* The system must survive the night and restart at dawn<br />
<br />
<br />
====Design Studies====<br />
<br />
Two types of panels could be analyzed to determine relative advantages in this difficult application:<br />
<br />
* '''Fixed Panels''' - The panels do not move but have shields and shutters that open and close.<br />
* '''Tracking Panels''' - Panels are mounted on the back of the collector or on purpose build structures that track deep space. These must be connected through flexible tubes.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Regolith Throughput===<br />
<br />
Regolith is a very gritty material. Handling volumes of such material on Earth often results in difficult maintenance problems. The material continually sand blasts the inside of your processing equipment. Maintenance is a particularly difficult and expensive problem for space equipment.<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Sandworm04.gif Steps in processing lunar regolith for He-3]<br />
<br />
<br />
The front end of the regolith processor must dig material from the trench wall, screen out material larger than 100 um (1.0E-4 meters, course sand), and move it into the processing section. Material larger than this size contains only a very small portion of the volatiles and is directed to the bottom of the trench. After this screening the passed material is referred to as "fines".<br />
<br />
The fines, and any volatiles released by the initial handling, must be move into a higher pressure area. This is necessary to prevent the escape of volatiles during the heating process and is a very difficult design problem. A "high pressure" area on the Moon would still be a very good vacuum on Earth.<br />
<br />
The fines are then preheated with energy recovered from the exhaust material to create an efficient process. The warm fines are then moved to the main heating area and heated to 700 ° C. This drives off the volatiles. This heating process will involve some combination of contact with hot surfaces, infrared heating, microwave heating, electromagnetic induced heating, and the injection of hot gas.<br />
<br />
The volatiles are then captured with a process resembling a high vacuum pump. Separation of the volatiles from fine dust will be a significant problem.<br />
<br />
Then fines are move out of the high pressure area without significant lose of gaseous material. Most of the heat is recovered in this section. The warm fines are then moved to a lower pressure section.<br />
<br />
The fines contain 1% to 2% ferromagnetic material made up of microscopic spheres of iron in dust particle sized glass spheres. These particles may be useful in processing the regolith because they are subject to being moved by electromagnetic force and heated by microwave energy. They also are a good quality iron ore. If ferromagnetic fines are needed for this process or are considered to be a variable resource, they need to be separated and handled in this last section. This sorting can be done only with the iron fines below the iron Curie temperature of 1053 K.<br />
<br />
The remaining fines must then be ejected out the back of the miner in such a way as to fill the trench. Fine dust working back to cover the solar collector, thermal panels and solar panels may be a real problem. Mounting panels on the moving parts helps as the dust can be tipped off.<br />
<br />
<br />
====Sizing Requirement====<br />
<br />
The Schmitt (pp 119) design requires processing 556 tones (1,225,424 pounds if on Earth) per hour of lunar regolith fines. With the trench 3 meters by 11 meters in cross-section, this requires a forward speed of 23 meters per hour. This would be a significant industrial operation even on Earth.<br />
<br />
<br />
====Available Resources====<br />
<br />
Acceptable designs may recycle materials from earlier separation for use in the process. The available materials include:<br />
<br />
* '''Gases''' - Hydrogen, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon<br />
* '''Volatiles''' - Water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane<br />
* '''Solid''' - Iron fines consisting of microscopic iron particles embedded in glass beads.<br />
<br />
The problem is to get the regolith fines to act as if they were a fluid. This might be done by mechanical vibration, inducing gas, electrostatics, and / or magnetically agitating the iron fines.<br />
<br />
The most difficult design challenge is to set up a confined heating area. Volatiles must be blocked from escaping both out the front and out the back. This requires the maintenance of a "high pressure" area for the heating.<br />
<br />
Finding low-maintenance materials for this environment will also be difficult. We are dealing with tones of pure grit.<br />
<br />
Five means of working the regolith and establishing the high pressure area should be compared in a trade study:<br />
<br />
<br />
====Mechanical Valves====<br />
<br />
This process defines the high pressure area with mechanical valves. The regolith fines are then handled in batches with two or three batch processors being in operation at any time. This process was described in the Mark II design 2, but not chosen.<br />
<br />
'''Strengths:'''<br />
<br />
* Simple<br />
* Well understood<br />
* Supports high pressures<br />
<br />
'''Weaknesses:'''<br />
<br />
* Batch processing requiring switching between paths<br />
* Grit wear on valve seats<br />
<br />
<br />
====Mechanical Screws====<br />
<br />
This process defines the high pressure area with screw feeds. The regolith fines are then handled continuously with a high power, low speed screw mechanism feeding the material into the high pressure chamber and a second one moving it out. This device was described in detail in the Mark II design.<br />
<br />
'''Strengths:'''<br />
<br />
* Standard industrial device<br />
* Well understood<br />
* Supports high pressures<br />
<br />
'''Weaknesses:'''<br />
<br />
* Grit wear on all moving parts<br />
* Works best for semi-liquids and will have trouble with pure grit.<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Sandworm05.gif Sandworm Internals]<br />
<br />
====Fines Drop====<br />
<br />
The fines must be acting very much like a fluid. At four points where a pressure step is needed, the fines fall through a funnel designed so that the weight of the fines carries them down while they block volatile flow back.<br />
<br />
'''Strengths:'''<br />
<br />
* Very simple<br />
* Uses lunar resource<br />
<br />
'''Weaknesses:'''<br />
<br />
* Works best when the gas is moving with the grit<br />
* Lunar gravity is weak<br />
* Only low pressure possible<br />
<br />
<br />
http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Sandworm06.gif<br />
<br />
====Gear Pump====<br />
<br />
At the points where a pressure step is needed, the fines encounter a lobbed gear device that compresses the fines while moving them. The compression squeezes out the volatiles. Above the gear is a space that tends to pump volatiles backward.<br />
<br />
'''Strengths:'''<br />
<br />
* Very simple<br />
* A common industrial design, but for liquids<br />
<br />
'''Weaknesses:'''<br />
<br />
* Works best when the gas needs to move against the grit<br />
* Subject to significant wear<br />
<br />
<br />
====Fluid Standing Waves====<br />
<br />
This is the approach intended for the HUS Model 1.0. It requires that the regolith fines act very like a liquid. This is done by the introduction of previously separated gases and iron fines. The regolith fines are moved by some combination of mechanical vibration, hot gas jets, electrostatics, and electromagnetic force on the iron fines. These actions induce two separate a standing waves. There is one standing wavy for the volatiles and one for the fines. The fines wave had four peaks that block volatile flow. The volatile standing wavy has a peak in the heating area to aide its recovery. This design is a tall order.<br />
<br />
'''Strengths:'''<br />
<br />
* Minimum wear inducing contact with regolith<br />
* Makes good use of lunar resources<br />
<br />
'''Weaknesses:'''<br />
<br />
* Poorly understood<br />
* Low 'high pressure"<br />
* Major research effort required<br />
<br />
<br />
===More Work Needed===<br />
<br />
Much more work is needed on the Sandworm design. The entire lunar settlement idea hinges on their success. We need to work out these concepts:<br />
<br />
* '''Mirror Segments'''<br />
<br />
One big mirror of flexible material that unfolds will probably not concentrate the light well enough to do the difficult industrial work we need. A more likely arrangement would be to build the mirror in hexagon segments and assemble them. We need to work out the quality of the optics we need to do this job. We need to work out a control system for the mirror surface. The Sandworm needs a lot of work.<br />
<br />
* '''Polar Location'''<br />
<br />
All the designs in this paper were done for an equatorial location. It now looks like we will be in polar locations for the foreseeable future. We need to adjust this design for the poles.<br />
<br />
* '''In the Cold and the Dark'''<br />
<br />
All the designs in this paper are for fully lighted areas. If there is really a lot of volatiles in the permanently shaded regions near the poles, then we need to figure out a completely different way to harvest it. Definitive information should be available by 2010.<br />
____<br />
<br />
[[Category:Business]]</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Sandworms&diff=5242Sandworms2007-03-03T21:28:43Z<p>207.114.17.31: Sandworms, Humungous Ugly Lunar Mining Machines</p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Sandworm01.gif Humungous Ugly Sandworm]<br />
<br />
== Sandworms, Humungous Ugly Lunar Mining Machines---<br />
<br />
<br />
===Purpose===<br />
<br />
This design note develops ideas for the design of a lunar Helium-3 mining machine as described in Dr. Schmitt's (Apollo-17) book, ''Return to the Moon''. This device is the key technology in obtaining Helium-3 from the Moon for use in large scale power generation on Earth.<br />
<br />
This paper develops ideas for trade studies and basic tests that can be done by high school students. The idea is to describe a lunar miner that meets the requirements outlined in Dr. Schmitt's book and then work backwards to studies and tests that can be done today.<br />
<br />
In the book, a Mark II Miner is described in some detail. This design has a number of serious problems. Among them are cooling and maintance. <br />
<br />
Here we will describe a different model 1.0 machine based on lessons learned from recent space projects. Our task then is to work backwards to a model 0.5 design (a small lunar rover to test concepts on the Moon), and finally to a model 0.01 apparatus (Earth based concept testing equipment that can be built today).<br />
<br />
We are looking for technologies that are currently available or can be developed with a reasonable effort for the first generation of lunar miners. We must avoid technologies, like the development of space based nuclear reactors for power, which, if waited for, would slow the development of the lunar miner to a stop. Also our expectation is that we will learn so much from the early lunar trials that any design ideas we now have will probably become obsolete quickly. <br />
<br />
This paper will also provide a detailed description of the lunar Miner to be included in Back to the Moon wiki stories. This is a series of stories about the people who will settle the Moon.<br />
<br />
<br />
===General Description===<br />
<br />
The miner is the key technical design to make Dr. Schmitt's plan for settlement of the Moon work. Helium-3 is the only lunar material that is of sufficient value to economically support settlement of the Moon. Many technology breakthroughs will be needed to make this plan a reality. The miner is only one, but it is an important one.<br />
<br />
The illustrations below show conceptual side and top views of the Humongous Ugly Sandworm (HUS). The name comes from (1) the miner being large enough to carry its solar collector, thermal radiators, and straddle its trench, (2) no consideration what-so-ever being given to the elegance of the design, and (3) the novels by Frank Herbert.<br />
<br />
<br />
The HUS linked above is sized to produce 33 kg/year which is enough to power a medium sized city. It this full sized unit is too unwieldy to be practical, the output can be reduced so that two or three units are needed for this output.<br />
<br />
The HUS body is 26 meters (85 ft.) long, 18 meters (60 ft.) wide, and 4 meters (13 ft.) tall. The drive wheels straddle the trench and do not go down into it. Note the comparative size of the astronaut and maintenance rover.<br />
<br />
The regolith processor hangs under the main tractor and can be carried up under the body for travel over level ground. The regolith processor can be assembled on flat ground, the tractor run over it, and connections made from underneath. The front end can then be lowered slowly and swung from side-to-side picking up regolith fines and rejecting the larger rocks to the bottom of the trench. The trench is 3 meters deep and 11 meters wide. At maximum processing speed the HUS can move the trench front forward at 23 meters (74 ft.) per hour.<br />
<br />
The solar collector is huge measuring 66 meters (85 ft.) by 47 meters (60 ft.), by 37 meters (47 ft.). The one show is pie section of a parabola rotation shown in its noon position and has an area of 1717 square meters. In the morning and afternoon it tips over on its side, so the structure must be strong enough not to change shape very much when tipped.<br />
<br />
Its focal point is an energy collection device at the top of a fixed mast 15 meters (19 ft.) tall. This mast has a hinge at the bottom so that it can be tipped over for maintenance.<br />
<br />
The most of the miner's electrical and mechanical equipment is located in bays along the sides of its base. This location is necessary for easy of access for installation and replacement. These bays are surrounded with bags of regolith for radiation protection. This equipment layout is a key design element.<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Sandworm02.gif Sandworm Top View]<br />
<br />
The top view shows clearly the circular track for the solar collector. This is a major challenge for this design. The top edge of the solar concentrator is ringed with photovoltaic panels.<br />
<br />
The solar collector also carries a large number of thermal radiators on its back and side. When the collector is pointed at the sun, these radiators have a good view of deep space, do not see the sun, and have the least view of the hot lunar surface. The large thermal radiator field is required by the need to reject a significant amount of power. Heat rejection is a major design challenge for high powered space equipment.<br />
<br />
The HUS Model 1.0 departures from the Mark II miner in the following ways:<br />
<br />
* It is out of the trench<br />
* It carries it own complete solar collector<br />
* It has a large field of thermal radiators<br />
* The equipment bays are available for maintenance<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Sandworm03.gif Sandworm, Concentrator Cross Section]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Systems===<br />
<br />
Each key system of the miner must be considered in the design and many ideas for each system must be studied and tested. The key systems of the miner are:<br />
<br />
* '''Handle the Regolith''' - Dig it, sieve it, move it into higher pressure, move it hot, move it out of higher pressure, then dump it out the back<br />
* '''Heat to 700 C''' - Heat it to drive off volatiles. Recycle 85% of this heat.<br />
* '''Collect Volatiles''' - This is essentially a high vacuum pump.<br />
* '''Recover Iron Fines''' - Save the fine iron spheres for reuse.<br />
* '''Power System''' - Provide kilowatts of power and remove the waste heat.<br />
* '''Control System''' - Control this complex device and communicate with Earth.<br />
* '''Motive''' - Move the device forward.<br />
* '''Build it''' - The miner must be easy to construct with lunar material substituted for material from Earth as much as possible.<br />
* '''Maintain it safely''' - The miner must be easy to repair by human and robot teams.<br />
* '''Sleep at night''' - It must pass the night and wake up ready for work<br />
<br />
<br />
===Power In===<br />
<br />
The lunar miner is a large piece of industrial equipment requiring a large amount of power to operate. The majority of this power can be used in the form of heat to drive the volatiles out of the regolith. Additionally, power is needed in the form of electricity to run the electronics, transport the regolith, and drive the minor forward.<br />
<br />
Solar energy is the obvious source for the lunar miner's power. It is abundant ½ the time and is well understood. A number of possible ways to harness solar power have been discussed. Clearly a trade study is needed. The underlying physics is uncomplicated enough that such studies can be handled by students through the use of spread sheets (with some programming additions) and with ray tracing.<br />
<br />
<br />
====Sizing Power Need====<br />
<br />
Schmitt's numbers (pp 119) for the lunar miner are:<br />
<br />
'''Mining power requirements'''<br />
<br />
* lunar process energy (82 Gj/g of solar thermal energy) -- 12.3 MW<br />
* Heat Recovery -- 85%<br />
* Estimate operating electric power -- 200 KW<br />
<br />
'''Mark II solar collector system'''<br />
<br />
* Miner receiver dish (12 meters diameter) -- 112 m2<br />
* Fixed solar reflector (110 meter diameter) -- 9500 m2<br />
<br />
'''Alternative design'''<br />
<br />
* Solar constant -- 1367 W/m2<br />
* Concentration effectiveness -- 75%<br />
* Solar panel efficiency (GaAs) -- 18.5%<br />
* Solar panel output (GaAs) -- 253 W/m2<br />
<br />
These numbers will need review as the design progresses. This level of power will require a very large solar collector supplemented with photovoltaic panels. Four physical arrangements for the solar concentrators should be considered in a trade study:<br />
<br />
<br />
====Large Fixed Solar Relay====<br />
<br />
In this approach a large tracking reflector is placed at fixed location some distance from the lunar miner. The large reflector relays concentrated sun light to a small receiving disk on the miner.<br />
<br />
'''Advantages:'''<br />
<br />
* The receiver disk on miner is of a manageable size.<br />
* The receiver disk has a simplified tracking function.<br />
<br />
'''Disadvantage:'''<br />
<br />
* Inefficiency of the power relay<br />
* Cost of separate installation.<br />
* Cost and difficulty of construction of one large unit<br />
<br />
<br />
====Hillside Multiple Relays====<br />
<br />
A large number of smaller collectors are built on a hill side near the mining operation. The units are on very short towers and built with very low mass design.<br />
<br />
'''Advantages:'''<br />
<br />
* The receiver disk on miner is of a manageable size.<br />
* The receiver disk has a simplified tracking function.<br />
* Less mass from Earth required to build and operate<br />
* Failure of any single disk does not stop mining<br />
<br />
'''Disadvantage:'''<br />
<br />
* Inefficiency of the power relay<br />
* Cost of separate installation.<br />
* Cost and difficulty of construction of many small units<br />
* Availability of appropriately located hill side<br />
<br />
<br />
====Single Full Disk on Miner====<br />
<br />
The miner carries one large circular collector dish.<br />
<br />
'''Advantages:'''<br />
<br />
* The power does not have the relay losses.<br />
* The geometry is simple and well understood<br />
<br />
'''Disadvantage:'''<br />
<br />
* The disk is large requiring a large moving base.<br />
* The collector target moves<br />
<br />
<br />
====Single Solar Forge Section on Miner====<br />
<br />
A single collector consisting of only a section of a turned parabola is mounted on the miner. <br />
<br />
'''Advantages:'''<br />
<br />
* The power does not have the relay losses.<br />
* Tracking the sun is relatively easy.<br />
* The power receiver is in a fixed location.<br />
* The designs supports heat rejection and easy of maintenance.<br />
<br />
'''Disadvantage:'''<br />
<br />
* The miner base is very large.<br />
* The geometry is unusual<br />
<br />
<br />
===Heat Out===<br />
<br />
One of the most difficult tasks for a high power operation in space is to get rid of waste heat. All power systems operate by heat moving from a high temperature reservoir to a low temperature reservoir. The miner's high temperature reservoir is heated by the solar collector and must be maintained above 700 °C (973 K, 920 °F). The radiator field must keep the low temperature reservoir below 20 °C (293 K, 68 °F, room temperature). <br />
<br />
The only reasonable process for the lunar miner is to dump the heat to deep space using thermal radiators. This is made more difficult because the lunar surface heats up during the day to over 200 C. Not only must the radiators not see the sun, they should not see the hot lunar surface.<br />
<br />
A fluid (liquid or gas) is circulated through serpentine plumbing in metal panels which face the cold of deep space. Mechanical means will be needed to keep a view of the sun and of the hot lunar surface away from the thermal panels. This will include mounting panels on the back of the solar collector so they always face away from the sun and mounting metal louvers.<br />
<br />
Even with a system that recovers 85% of the processing heat, the processed regolith fines ejected out the back of the miner will tale a significant amount of heat energy with them.<br />
<br />
The equipment bays will also probably need smaller independent radiator panels to maintain the temperature of electronic equipment. These may need shades or louvers.<br />
<br />
We also want to avoid projecting heat in front of the miner where it might drive volatiles off the unprocessed regolith.<br />
<br />
<br />
====Sizing Power Rejection Need====<br />
<br />
Major thermodynamic study is needed. This is a significant omission from the Mark II design. Such studies cost tens of thousands of dollars, but are the only way to reliably size the thermal radiators.<br />
<br />
Heat rejection from small space systems where the direction of the sun is fixed is not hard. Small radiator panels driven by heat pipes work very well. The task only becomes difficult for high power systems which is the very case we have here. As general rule the radiators need to be comparable in size to the solar collector. In this case their total area must be inconveniently big.<br />
<br />
The lunar miner operating environment makes this problem particularly difficult:<br />
<br />
* There is direct sun on most possible radiator surfaces at some time of the day<br />
* The hot lunar surface takes up much of the field of view in most area<br />
* The solar collector restricts view of sky from the body of the sandworm<br />
* The weight of thermal panels would require a much stronger collector structure<br />
* We must avoid heating unprocessed regolith in front of the miner<br />
* The system must survive the night and restart at dawn<br />
<br />
<br />
====Design Studies====<br />
<br />
Two types of panels could be analyzed to determine relative advantages in this difficult application:<br />
<br />
* '''Fixed Panels''' - The panels do not move but have shields and shutters that open and close.<br />
* '''Tracking Panels''' - Panels are mounted on the back of the collector or on purpose build structures that track deep space. These must be connected through flexible tubes.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Regolith Throughput===<br />
<br />
Regolith is a very gritty material. Handling volumes of such material on Earth often results in difficult maintenance problems. The material continually sand blasts the inside of your processing equipment. Maintenance is a particularly difficult and expensive problem for space equipment.<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Sandworm04.gif Steps in processing lunar regolith for He-3]<br />
<br />
<br />
The front end of the regolith processor must dig material from the trench wall, screen out material larger than 100 um (1.0E-4 meters, course sand), and move it into the processing section. Material larger than this size contains only a very small portion of the volatiles and is directed to the bottom of the trench. After this screening the passed material is referred to as "fines".<br />
<br />
The fines, and any volatiles released by the initial handling, must be move into a higher pressure area. This is necessary to prevent the escape of volatiles during the heating process and is a very difficult design problem. A "high pressure" area on the Moon would still be a very good vacuum on Earth.<br />
<br />
The fines are then preheated with energy recovered from the exhaust material to create an efficient process. The warm fines are then moved to the main heating area and heated to 700 ° C. This drives off the volatiles. This heating process will involve some combination of contact with hot surfaces, infrared heating, microwave heating, electromagnetic induced heating, and the injection of hot gas.<br />
<br />
The volatiles are then captured with a process resembling a high vacuum pump. Separation of the volatiles from fine dust will be a significant problem.<br />
<br />
Then fines are move out of the high pressure area without significant lose of gaseous material. Most of the heat is recovered in this section. The warm fines are then moved to a lower pressure section.<br />
<br />
The fines contain 1% to 2% ferromagnetic material made up of microscopic spheres of iron in dust particle sized glass spheres. These particles may be useful in processing the regolith because they are subject to being moved by electromagnetic force and heated by microwave energy. They also are a good quality iron ore. If ferromagnetic fines are needed for this process or are considered to be a variable resource, they need to be separated and handled in this last section. This sorting can be done only with the iron fines below the iron Curie temperature of 1053 K.<br />
<br />
The remaining fines must then be ejected out the back of the miner in such a way as to fill the trench. Fine dust working back to cover the solar collector, thermal panels and solar panels may be a real problem. Mounting panels on the moving parts helps as the dust can be tipped off.<br />
<br />
<br />
====Sizing Requirement====<br />
<br />
The Schmitt (pp 119) design requires processing 556 tones (1,225,424 pounds if on Earth) per hour of lunar regolith fines. With the trench 3 meters by 11 meters in cross-section, this requires a forward speed of 23 meters per hour. This would be a significant industrial operation even on Earth.<br />
<br />
<br />
====Available Resources====<br />
<br />
Acceptable designs may recycle materials from earlier separation for use in the process. The available materials include:<br />
<br />
* '''Gases''' - Hydrogen, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon<br />
* '''Volatiles''' - Water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane<br />
* '''Solid''' - Iron fines consisting of microscopic iron particles embedded in glass beads.<br />
<br />
The problem is to get the regolith fines to act as if they were a fluid. This might be done by mechanical vibration, inducing gas, electrostatics, and / or magnetically agitating the iron fines.<br />
<br />
The most difficult design challenge is to set up a confined heating area. Volatiles must be blocked from escaping both out the front and out the back. This requires the maintenance of a "high pressure" area for the heating.<br />
<br />
Finding low-maintenance materials for this environment will also be difficult. We are dealing with tones of pure grit.<br />
<br />
Five means of working the regolith and establishing the high pressure area should be compared in a trade study:<br />
<br />
<br />
====Mechanical Valves====<br />
<br />
This process defines the high pressure area with mechanical valves. The regolith fines are then handled in batches with two or three batch processors being in operation at any time. This process was described in the Mark II design 2, but not chosen.<br />
<br />
'''Strengths:'''<br />
<br />
* Simple<br />
* Well understood<br />
* Supports high pressures<br />
<br />
'''Weaknesses:'''<br />
<br />
* Batch processing requiring switching between paths<br />
* Grit wear on valve seats<br />
<br />
<br />
====Mechanical Screws====<br />
<br />
This process defines the high pressure area with screw feeds. The regolith fines are then handled continuously with a high power, low speed screw mechanism feeding the material into the high pressure chamber and a second one moving it out. This device was described in detail in the Mark II design.<br />
<br />
'''Strengths:'''<br />
<br />
* Standard industrial device<br />
* Well understood<br />
* Supports high pressures<br />
<br />
'''Weaknesses:'''<br />
<br />
* Grit wear on all moving parts<br />
* Works best for semi-liquids and will have trouble with pure grit.<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Sandworm05.gif Sandworm Internals]<br />
<br />
====Fines Drop====<br />
<br />
The fines must be acting very much like a fluid. At four points where a pressure step is needed, the fines fall through a funnel designed so that the weight of the fines carries them down while they block volatile flow back.<br />
<br />
'''Strengths:'''<br />
<br />
* Very simple<br />
* Uses lunar resource<br />
<br />
'''Weaknesses:'''<br />
<br />
* Works best when the gas is moving with the grit<br />
* Lunar gravity is weak<br />
* Only low pressure possible<br />
<br />
<br />
http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Sandworm06.gif<br />
<br />
====Gear Pump====<br />
<br />
At the points where a pressure step is needed, the fines encounter a lobbed gear device that compresses the fines while moving them. The compression squeezes out the volatiles. Above the gear is a space that tends to pump volatiles backward.<br />
<br />
'''Strengths:'''<br />
<br />
* Very simple<br />
* A common industrial design, but for liquids<br />
<br />
'''Weaknesses:'''<br />
<br />
* Works best when the gas needs to move against the grit<br />
* Subject to significant wear<br />
<br />
<br />
====Fluid Standing Waves====<br />
<br />
This is the approach intended for the HUS Model 1.0. It requires that the regolith fines act very like a liquid. This is done by the introduction of previously separated gases and iron fines. The regolith fines are moved by some combination of mechanical vibration, hot gas jets, electrostatics, and electromagnetic force on the iron fines. These actions induce two separate a standing waves. There is one standing wavy for the volatiles and one for the fines. The fines wave had four peaks that block volatile flow. The volatile standing wavy has a peak in the heating area to aide its recovery. This design is a tall order.<br />
<br />
'''Strengths:'''<br />
<br />
* Minimum wear inducing contact with regolith<br />
* Makes good use of lunar resources<br />
<br />
'''Weaknesses:'''<br />
<br />
* Poorly understood<br />
* Low 'high pressure"<br />
* Major research effort required<br />
<br />
<br />
===More Work Needed===<br />
<br />
Much more work is needed on the Sandworm design. The entire lunar settlement idea hinges on their success. We need to work out these concepts:<br />
<br />
* '''Mirror Segments'''<br />
<br />
One big mirror of flexible material that unfolds will probably not concentrate the light well enough to do the difficult industrial work we need. A more likely arrangement would be to build the mirror in hexagon segments and assemble them. We need to work out the quality of the optics we need to do this job. We need to work out a control system for the mirror surface. The Sandworm needs a lot of work.<br />
<br />
* '''Polar Location'''<br />
<br />
All the designs in this paper were done for an equatorial location. It now looks like we will be in polar locations for the foreseeable future. We need to adjust this design for the poles.<br />
<br />
* '''In the Cold and the Dark'''<br />
<br />
All the designs in this paper are for fully lighted areas. If there is really a lot of volatiles in the permanently shaded regions near the poles, then we need to figure out a completely different way to harvest it. Definitive information should be available by 2010.<br />
____<br />
<br />
[[Category:Business]]</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Radiation_Problem&diff=5241Radiation Problem2007-03-03T21:01:23Z<p>207.114.17.31: The radiation problem when living on the Moon</p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Cellar01.gif safety cellar]<br />
<br />
<br />
==Radiation Problem when living on the Moon== <br />
<br />
The Earth provides two types of radiation shielding critical for life: atmospheric mass and magnetic field. The Moon has neither type. On the Moon, our architecture must provide all our shielding, see Architecture as Mole Hills.<br />
<br />
<br />
===The Mass of the Atmosphere===<br />
<br />
The first shield is simply the mass of the atmosphere which simply blocks radiation. The Earth's atmosphere has a mass equivalent to about 32 feet of water. It will take a layer of at least two meters of lunar regolith to match this mass and more is better. A blanket of two meters of regolith provides about the mass protection for a person living in a high altitude city like Denver or Mexico City. <br />
<br />
<br />
===The Earth's magnetic field===<br />
<br />
The second shield is the Earth's magnetic field. This field diverts most of the radiation coming from the Sun into the Van Allen belts. The Moon has no such field and is, for the large part, outside the Earth's field. There is no practical way to generate such a field around a lunar settlement.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Corona Mass Ejections===<br />
<br />
The Sun has major storms that called Corona Mass Ejections (CME) which dump large amounts of radiation out into space. These space weather storms are associated with large sun spots and can do a great deal of damage to utilities on Earth and to our satellites. We have a satellite system to monitor for possible danger which will be very important in our return to the moon. These storms hit the Moon from 0 to 5 times a year.<br />
<br />
'''Direct Radiation'''<br />
<br />
The storms provide two distinct form of radiation danger. First they put out a great surge of high energy particles that expand out at a substantial fraction of the speed of light. Our warning system will provide only 30 to 40 minutes of warning for this danger. Anyone caught out on the surface will be subject to a sever health threat. This danger only lasts a few hours.<br />
<br />
This form of radiation is a special problem. It actually generates secondary radiation in this first layer of mass shielding. To protect against the high energy particles and the secondary particles they generate takes six to ten meters of regolith. Thicknesses in between are not much help.<br />
<br />
'''Ionized Gas'''<br />
<br />
The second form of solar radiation is the mass of ionized gas thrown out by the CME. Composed mostly of ionized hydrogen these clouds have a mass equivalent to a large mountain and are the source of the volatiles that may be mined from the Lunar regolith. These storms follow a curved path so the ones that hit the Moon are not the ones associated with direct radiation storms that put us in danger.<br />
<br />
The good news is that we will have 24 to 48 hours warning about this form of radiation storm. They will then last 24 to 72 hours. These will be very dangerous for people doing outside operations but the regolith shield is much more effective inside.<br />
<br />
The Brazilian people are known as "crabs" because they all live by the water. Lunar people will be known as "moles" because they will all live underground.<br />
<br />
[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/ArchDorm01.gif Dorm room]<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
[[Category: Architecture]]</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Architecture_as_Mole_Hills&diff=5240Architecture as Mole Hills2007-03-03T20:43:24Z<p>207.114.17.31: One possible archetecture for a lunar settlement</p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Cellar01.gif Lunar hall with safety cellar]<br />
<br />
<br />
==Architecture as Mole Hills==<br />
<br />
Sometimes you need to see something in your minds eye to make it real.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Purpose===<br />
<br />
This is a discussion of one possible architecture for lunar settlements. There are many other possibilities. This one assumes that large mining machines, called sandworms, have been used to dig trenches while processing regolith for volatiles. These trenches are then used as the location for long inflated halls that are then covered with regolith for radiation protection. <br />
<br />
<br />
===Generations of Lunar Buildings===<br />
<br />
The first buildings on the Moon will be small construction sacks prefabricated on Earth. These will be sitting on the surface with regolith piled against the sides and sandbagged on top. They allowed people to stay on the Moon only for short times as they do not provide enough radiation protection. These will later be recycled to make new buildings.<br />
<br />
This first generation of buildings, with their supporting facilities, is best described by NASA documents and graphics. Where we are most interested in here is the following generations of buildings that can actually support settlement.<br />
<br />
The second generation of buildings will be very similar to the first but buried in the regolith. These will provide enough protection to allow people to remain between trips for the first time. Each building had one airlock and was surrounded by surface equipment like solar and thermal panels.<br />
<br />
These buildings were the first toe hold in the Astronaut time period, but will be phased out early in the Mining period as they do not provide enough living space nor have enough radiation shielding for long term occupancy.<br />
<br />
Some of these second building still remain for use as maintenance shacks at the science station and others for emergency out buildings.<br />
<br />
At the time of our stories the living space has been expanded to a third generation with much more space and cellars with a high level of radiation shielding. These buildings are described below.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Over All Appearance of a Settlement===<br />
<br />
All the main building, starting with the mining period, look like mole hills. They have an Earth prefab section at one end. Connected to this is a long tent like hall running in more or less a straight line for up to 100 meters. The hall is covered with 2.5 meters of lunar regolith for radiation protection giving the mole hill appearance. At the far end is a small prefab section that connects the hall to other halls.<br />
<br />
One end or the other usually has an airlock assembly with a ramp leading down to the door. By the door will be a surveillance camera and tools for removing dust. The door will open inward in a complex manner like the door of a commercial air liner on Earth. This insures that the inside pressure is helping to keep the door seal tight and that the door can not be opened with any pressure on the inside.<br />
<br />
The layout of the long halls is somewhat erratic as they are laid out to miss craters and may even be curved or bent to suit the lay of the land. Down each side of the halls is a borrow trench where much of the regolith was taken to cover the hall.<br />
<br />
One hall, the gym, stands out visually as it is made in a circle of about 100 meters outside diameter. This allows for a continuous internal track.<br />
<br />
Scattered among the mold hills are many pieces of outside equipment including tracking terminal arrays, solar concentrators, solar panels, antennas, a retro-reflector, and science instruments. All this equipment looks spindly and weak by Earth standards. It is all made from as little Earth material as possible and takes advantage of the Moon's weak gravity.<br />
<br />
One small sandworm, about 1/4 the size of the industrial ones, remains in the building area. It digs trenches for new halls. There are also other mounds around that cover storage tanks and other industrial equipment.<br />
<br />
Foot prints and wheel track run every which way. Footprints last a long time on the Moon. There are a few improved roads to the landing pads, to the mining areas, and to a science field. These are simply leveled and packed regolith with the craters filled in. Where the road from the landing pads arrives at the main building is a ceremonial plaza with a ring of flag poles.<br />
<br />
In the distance there are a number of designated areas:<br />
<br />
* '''Landing pads''' -- About one kilometer off for safety and to control contamination.<br />
* '''Mines''' - Several kilometers off the sandworms dig long furrows 11 meters wide and kilometers long. They operate during all daylight hours digging the regolith in front of them and filling in the trench behind. The result looks a little like a plowed field from a distance.<br />
* '''Bone yard''' - This is the junk yard is near the maintenance shop.<br />
* '''Solar Field''' - This area is only a few hundred meters off and includes large solar collectors for power and large tracking radiator panels. It is situated on high ground. <br />
* '''Science Field''' - A few kilometers off, this field contains many science instruments. <br />
* '''Industrial equipment''' - Between the main settlement and the mines are a number of industrial constructions for refining the He-3 and separating other useful volatiles.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Notes on Radiation Shielding===<br />
<br />
The Earth provides two types of radiation shielding critical for life: atmospheric mass and magnetic field. The Moon has neither type. On the Moon, our architecture must provide all our shielding. This is so important that it drives the entire architecture of the settlement. For more details see Radiation Shielding.<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/ArchDorm01.gif Standard dorm room]<br />
<br />
<br />
===The Basic Hall Structure===<br />
<br />
All buildings built in the mining and settlement periods are of mole hill construction. Calculations of some of the factors in this design are given in the spreadsheet, MalapertCal0n.xls. The three sections are:<br />
<br />
* '''Prefab Utility Section''' - Containing all sanitary and environmental control equipment. This includes a bathroom, shower, launder, and environmental monitoring equipment. Also located there is a hatch leading to a cellar room. This section may contain an airlock assembly or have a simple pressure bulkhead connection to another hall.<br />
* '''Hall''' - A long hall made of a multi layered plastic construction. The layers are supported by the internal air pressure but do need some reinforcement to carry the weight of the regolith piled above the hall.<br />
* '''Prefab End''' - This section is usually a simple pressure bulkhead that allows communication with the next hall. In an emergency it can be sealed off.<br />
<br />
The halls have a cross-section something like a loaf of bread. The roof is a curve supported largely by gas pressure. The floor is made of flat insulating panels with a top aluminum skin. Later these floors are covered with tiles made from lunar regolith. The walls are flat and sloped out about 10 degrees. The width of the floor is slightly more than three meters and the roof is almost two and a half meters high. The flat lighting panels make up the ceiling with tubes and cables above them.<br />
<br />
Mole hill construction starts with the digging of a long trench by the small sandworm. Unlike its larger brothers, the small sandworm dumps the processed regolith outside of its trench and makes a ramp at both ends. This trench is about 3.5 meters (11 feet) wide and 2.5 (7 foot 3 inches) meters deep (by the beginning of the settler period this will be increased to 4 meters by 3 meters). Robot construction equipment then cleans out trench and digs a big hole at one end for the cellar room. <br />
<br />
The prefab sections are then installed stating with the cellar. It is covered with back fill and the prefab terminal assembled above it.<br />
<br />
The long tent structure is then unrolled down the trench and the terminating bulkhead is installed. The tent is then filled with the least valuable gas from the mining operation and looks the world for a party balloon.<br />
<br />
Stiffeners are then added over the top along with utility conduits. Then the long tent is covered with regolith. The first layer is the very fine sand screened out during He-3 separation. Later comes the gravel and unprocessed regolith.<br />
<br />
The internal atmosphere is then adjusted to support people and all the internal partitions, utility fixtures and furniture are installed.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Basic Lunar Astronaut and Miner Housing===<br />
<br />
The basic lunar housing unit for individuals is a long narrow dorm room. The basic open hall structure is partitioned off so as to produce a narrow hallway parallel by long rooms. The partition is light weight but covered with painted graphics that make each doorway unique.<br />
<br />
The basic room is about 2.30 meters (7 foot six inches) wide and about 8 meters (26 feet) long. It has a thin metal door. The room is sparsely furnished with a bed, computer desk, shelves, and storage cabinets. There are not kitchen or bathroom facilities, these are communally shared.<br />
<br />
The computer monitor is large and flat. It can be turned so as to be seen from anywhere in the room. It can display exterior views like it was a window, science views, TV programs and movies from Earth as well as computer output.<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/ArchCellar01.gif Safety Cellar]<br />
<br />
<br />
===The Cellar Rooms===<br />
<br />
At one end of each hall is a cellar room. It is buried extra deep to provide protection during radiation storms. Zero to five such storms come each year and they last for a few hours to a few shifts (8 hours each). A system of spacecraft monitor the sun for such storm and provide thirty minute to eight hours warning. During a storm, exposure on the surface can be deadly and the level of radiation shielding in the halls is inadequate. During a storm every one must hide in a cellar until it passes.<br />
<br />
The cellar room is about the same size and cross-section as an 11 meter (36 foot) section of the common hall and runs at right angles to it. It does have more metal struts in thick plastic walls to support extra weight. The cellar have about 7 meters (23 feet) of regolith shielding which makes them about as save as a high altitude city like Denver or Mexico City.<br />
<br />
Each cellar room contains a small head. It is also the permeate home of radiation sensitive equipment such as the environmental controls for the hall. At the hall end are storage cabinets with emergency equipment for use during storms.<br />
<br />
The cellar is connected to the hall by pressure hatch that can be sealed. The drop through the hatch is 6.4 meters (15 feet). There is a ladder, but people often simply jump down. The drop takes about 2 seconds and you hit with a velocity comparable to jumping down 1 meter (3 feet 3 inches) on Earth.<br />
<br />
The cellars have many uses from food storage to meeting room. Getting one for use as a personal living space is a huge perk.<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/ArchGym01.gif Gym track]<br />
<br />
<br />
===The Gym===<br />
<br />
Every person on the Moon has to do a strenuous workout every day to stay healthy. The gym is one of the most heavily used rooms in the complex. It is build like a standard hall except that it is made in a circle with an inside diameter of 80 meters (260 feet). <br />
<br />
Against the outside wall is a continuous track. If you ware a track suit filled with iron pellets recovered in the mining operation (Ironman), you can almost run as if on Earth. <br />
<br />
The inside wall of the gym is lined with computer terminals, exercise machines, and exercise mats. Many of the exercise machines have computer screens and speakers. These can be used for a variety of specially devised games, some of which involve competitions with people back on Earth. <br />
<br />
Normal entrance and exit is through two cellar changing rooms at opposite sides of the circle. These have double hatches one of which comes up in another hall. These rooms alternately smell antiseptic or sweaty.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Airlock===<br />
<br />
Each hall ends with either a pressure bulkhead connected to another hall or in an airlock to the outside. The airlocks are complex structures consisting of an outside ramp, the airlock, an EVA room for working spacesuits, and a head with shower.<br />
<br />
There is a major problem with going from a space habitat to a spacesuit. The atmosphere used in a spacesuit needs to be the lowest possible pressure to allow ease of movement. This is a pure oxygen environment at 21 kPa (3.1 psi). The habitat will have a much higher pressure and the atmosphere will contain at least some nitrogen.<br />
<br />
Standard Earth atmosphere is about 101 kPa (14.7 psi). The best atmosphere for a lunar base has not yet determined. In our stories it is assumed to be near earn standard Earth pressure but with different components. The inside atmosphere will have about 21% oxygen, a trace of carbon dioxide, a trace of nitrogen, and enough noble gasses (krypton, neon, and helium-4) to make up the pressure. The noble gases are a byproduct of the He-3 production. It will also contain enough water vapor to hold the relative humidity between 40% and 60%.<br />
<br />
To go outside, a person will need to breathe pure oxygen for an hour or more to flush the nitrogen out of the blood. This is one of the purposes of the EVA room. The cleansing time requirement for the noble gasses is not yet understood. In our stories it will take a minimum of one hour to accommodate to the suit atmosphere.<br />
<br />
Coming back inside is not easy mater either. Dust control is a major problem at all times on the Moon. Getting back inside can take up to an hour.<br />
<br />
You approach the airlock from the outside by way of a dirt ramp. The halls are dug a little head high into the regolith. The sides of the trench and the regolith over the structure are stabilized with sand bags.<br />
<br />
At the door is a grounded metal deck. Beside the door hang brushes on cables and above the door is a camera. You must brush yourself off thoroughly to be let in. If you are alone, you will need the help of a robot. Beside the door is also a connection to an oxygen supply and backup communication equipment.<br />
<br />
The actually airlock is next and it can handle two people at a time, three in an emergency. It has a pressure door from the outside and a pressure door to the inside. This area is monitored very closely.<br />
<br />
Next is the EVA room (Extra Vehicular Activity) it is an area devoted to the spacesuit. It include aids for getting into them and out of them. It has additional dust control to keep them clean. It has rack for storing them that include recharging for oxygen and power. There is a robot to assist if you are alone.<br />
<br />
Next comes a full shower with changing rooms, drinking water, and an air shower for drying off. In the outside changing room are fresh interior garments.<br />
<br />
<br />
===The Mess Hall===<br />
<br />
The Mess Hall is one open standard hall without a partition. The kitchen at one end and uses the cellar as a pantry. As the miners are on three shifts to keep the sandworms working, the mess hall is in nearly continuous use.<br />
<br />
It is also the only room big enough for all-hands meetings<br />
<br />
<br />
===Clinic===<br />
<br />
The clinic starts as a room in a prefab structure. Later it grows to be a section of a mole hill hall. It provides regular physicals to all the people in the station as well as routine medical attention. It can address some types of major accidents but not all. Medical staff are limited. Research on long term humans living in space are usually going on.<br />
<br />
People who are seriously hurt are probably also not well enough to survive travel back to Earth. Also the Moon is too distant to allow robot directed surgery directly from Earth. <br />
<br />
<br />
===Business and Meeting Rooms===<br />
<br />
There are several halls devoted to running the mining operation and science operations. Many of these contain full width areas with large computer displays that show base operations, science being done, or the operation of the mines.<br />
<br />
A few of the smaller private rooms can be scheduled for personal use and are popular for movies, television, and parties. All of these rooms has major communication channels back to Earth.<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/ArchFarm01.gif Farm hall]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Farm===<br />
<br />
The farm halls grow plants in a hydroponics system. Washed and screened lunar regolith is used for the base and organic material manufactured from waste treatment keeps the plants growing. The farms produce food, fiber, and oxygen. <br />
<br />
The atmosphere in the farms had more carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen than the normal mix. Most people find them stuffy and it is ill advised to go outside after breathing this air for any length of time. All disease organisms have been eliminated.<br />
<br />
The farm halls are artificially lighted. They run on a 20 hour day and 4 hour night 365 days a year. This is not unlike the summer growing season in Alaska extended to all year.<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/ArchTomato01.gif Tomato Tree]<br />
<br />
<br />
One popular vegetable is the tomato. Under these conditions the normally annual tomato plant lives for about four years. It grows to cover a large area of trellis and has a stalk about 150 mm (6 inches) in diameter. Such a plant will produce many tones of fruit.<br />
<br />
Only much later in the settler period is animal husbandry introduced. The animals are small and editable. They are not pets. They are important in making the settlement independent from Earth.<br />
<br />
<br />
===The Factory===<br />
<br />
Most industrial equipment is outside. Some of it is independently buried. Some of it is very large and may have moving parts such as large arms.<br />
<br />
This equipment converts the raw volatiles mined by the sandworms into useful and valuable substances. The most valuable of which is nearly pure Helium-3. Other products include oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and noble gases.<br />
<br />
By the time middle of the miner period, the factory also produces ceramic floor tiles, a variety of glass, steal, and titanium.<br />
<br />
There are only a few commercial rooms inside but they are very important:<br />
<br />
* '''Control Room''' - This is the heart of the He-3 mining operation. It is a long hall with many computer terminals and large displays. It has the most communications links back to Earth.<br />
<br />
* '''Main Shop''' - It is first and foremost facility for the maintenance of sandworms, outside manufacturing equipment, life support facilities, and robots.<br />
<br />
* '''Prototype Shop''' - The second repair shop can fix anything or build something new when needed. It is a favorite work area of all the Mooners and is used to develop many ideas for commercial development not to mention personal jobs and making gifts.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
[[Category:Architecture]]</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Category:Architecture&diff=5239Category:Architecture2007-03-03T20:38:18Z<p>207.114.17.31: Category Architecture</p>
<hr />
<div>This group of articles discuss the several possible architectures for a lunar settlement.</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Category_talk:Colonization&diff=5230Category talk:Colonization2007-03-03T20:03:36Z<p>207.114.17.31: New page: The term "Settlement" is strongly preferred over the term "colonization". This is due to the very bad conotations of the Colonial period in human history. --~~~~</p>
<hr />
<div>The term "Settlement" is strongly preferred over the term "colonization". This is due to the very bad conotations of the Colonial period in human history.<br />
--[[User:207.114.17.31|207.114.17.31]] 12:03, 3 March 2007 (PST)</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=The_Moon_Herself&diff=5229The Moon Herself2007-03-03T19:56:07Z<p>207.114.17.31: /* The Moon herself */</p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Apollo17car.jpg Apollo17 and rover]<br />
<br />
==The Moon herself as a Presence in our Adventure==<br />
<br />
Sometimes a place can be just as strong a character in an adventure as any human or robot.<br />
<br />
<br />
===The Moon herself===<br />
<br />
Her names are Luna or Diana<br />
<br />
*She is the all encompassing presence in our adventure<br />
*She is such a vivid presence as to be a character<br />
**Just like New Zealand was a character in "The Lord of the Rings"<br />
*Luna / Diana is the goddess of the night<br />
** She is usually depicted as a young athletic woman<br />
*She is both deeply loved and deeply hated <br />
*No one can conquer her<br />
**The best you can do is live in peace with her<br />
*She wants:<br />
**Nothing<br />
*She is what she is and she is not what she is not<br />
<br />
===Things She is '''Not'''===<br />
<br />
*She is not your friend<br />
*She is not your lover<br />
**People who make the mistake of thinking she is can die<br />
<br />
[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/LunaTabeau06.jpg The Moon as a person] <br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
[[Category:People]]</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=The_Moon_Herself&diff=5228The Moon Herself2007-03-03T19:55:22Z<p>207.114.17.31: /* The Moon herself */</p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Apollo17car.jpg Apollo17 and rover]<br />
<br />
==The Moon herself as a Presence in our Adventure==<br />
<br />
Sometimes a place can be just as strong a character in an adventure as any human or robot.<br />
<br />
<br />
===The Moon herself===<br />
<br />
Her names are Luna or Diana<br />
<br />
*She is the all encompassing presence in our adventure<br />
*She is such a vivid presence as to be a character<br />
**Just like New Zealand was a character in "The Lord of the Rings"<br />
*Luna / Diana is the goddess of the night<br />
** She is usually depicted as a young athletic woman<br />
*She is both deeply loved and deeply hated <br />
*No one can conquer her<br />
**The best you can do is live in peace with her<br />
*She wants:<br />
*Nothing<br />
*She is what she is and she is not what she is not<br />
<br />
===Things She is '''Not'''===<br />
<br />
*She is not your friend<br />
*She is not your lover<br />
**People who make the mistake of thinking she is can die<br />
<br />
[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/LunaTabeau06.jpg The Moon as a person] <br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
[[Category:People]]</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=The_Moon_Herself&diff=5227The Moon Herself2007-03-03T19:54:16Z<p>207.114.17.31: The Moon as a presence in our adventure</p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Apollo17car.jpg Apollo17 and rover]<br />
<br />
==The Moon herself as a Presence in our Adventure==<br />
<br />
Sometimes a place can be just as strong a character in an adventure as any human or robot.<br />
<br />
<br />
===The Moon herself===<br />
<br />
Her names: Luna or Diana<br />
<br />
*She is the all encompassing presence in our adventure<br />
*She is such a vivid presence as to be a character<br />
**Just like New Zealand was a character in "The Lord of the Rings"<br />
*Luna / Diana is the goddess of the night<br />
** She is usually depicted as a young athletic woman<br />
*She is both deeply loved and deeply hated <br />
*No one can conquer her<br />
**The best you can do is live in peace with her<br />
*She wants:<br />
*Nothing<br />
*She is what she is and she is not what she is not<br />
<br />
<br />
===Things She is '''Not'''===<br />
<br />
*She is not your friend<br />
*She is not your lover<br />
**People who make the mistake of thinking she is can die<br />
<br />
[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/LunaTabeau06.jpg The Moon as a person] <br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
[[Category:People]]</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Types_of_Robots&diff=5221Types of Robots2007-03-03T19:36:56Z<p>207.114.17.31: Types of robots needed for a lunar settlement</p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.charm.net/~jriley/Moon/Sandworm01.gif Graphic of a Sandworm]<br />
<br />
<br />
==The Types of Robots needed for a Lunar Settlement==<br />
<br />
A fully functioning lunar settlement will require a great many types of robots. Here are a few ideas.<br />
<br />
This list is based on the mining settlement described in Dr. Schmitt's book, "Return to the Moon". It is also intended for use in developing robot characters in stories about lunar settlements.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Physical Robots===<br />
<br />
'''General description:'''<br />
<br />
*Most are rover types<br />
**Wheeled base<br />
**Camera eyes on an upright<br />
**One or two arms<br />
**Multiple tools for hands<br />
*All outside robots wear protective coats to protect from dust and temperature<br />
*All robots are largely controlled from Earth<br />
**Called teleoperation<br />
**They are capable of autonomous operation <br />
**To address the communication delay<br />
**384,401 km / 299,793 km/sec = 1.28 sec each way<br />
**This also lets them do minor tasks and keep themselves safe on their own<br />
*A combination of a robot and its Earth-side human operator may be story character<br />
*Some robots are safety buddies for all outside workers and tourists<br />
*A robot may be associated with an avatar<br />
*There will be '''no''' NG Star Trek Commander Data type robots for the foreseeable future!<br />
*What they want: (these are built into their programs)<br />
**Not to hurt people<br />
**Not to be damaged<br />
**Keep the He-3 production running<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Sandworms:'''<br />
<br />
*They are the big mining machines, called Sandworms<br />
**They harvest helium-3 <br />
**They are huge<br />
**They are ugly<br />
**They have many moving parts<br />
**They crawl forward slowly processing regolith at the rate of tons per hours<br />
*One small sandworm digs trenches for new buildings<br />
**This was the first one built<br />
**It is 1/4 the size of the big ones<br />
*A small rover robot is permanently attends each Sandworm<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Construction, Production & Science:'''<br />
<br />
*Some robots are trucks with boom arms<br />
*Many may be cranes or other construction equipment<br />
**Can carry massive material, equipment, and a few people<br />
*Some fixed pieces of industrial equipment are robots too<br />
**These have many moving parts and may have arms<br />
*Some robots are stationed at the air lock doors<br />
**Provide security<br />
**Dust control by sweeping and inspection<br />
*Some robots tend to or are science instruments<br />
*One robot tends the amateur astronomy equipment<br />
*Some small robots work inside cleaning up moon dust<br />
<br />
<br />
===Waldos===<br />
<br />
*These are a combination spacesuit and robot<br />
**Controlled by person in spacesuit <br />
*They can be run from Earth if necessary<br />
*They augment the workers capabilities<br />
*They are very strong, but move slowly<br />
*They may have either legs or wheels<br />
*Waldos were made famous in the movie "Aliens"<br />
<br />
<br />
===Avatars===<br />
<br />
*An Avatar is a computer generated persona that exists only in a computer or Personal electronic device<br />
*They appear on your computer screen<br />
*They talk to you<br />
*They do your virtual bidding<br />
*Many are game players<br />
*They may have a job<br />
**Teacher<br />
**Personal assistant - interface with computer system<br />
*They may look like:<br />
**People, pets, dinosaurs, etc<br />
**The Moon personified<br />
*Some are a dead person<br />
**This is controversial<br />
**some people think it make the computers feel haunted<br />
*Making one for a living person is unethical<br />
*They may just be a pet.<br />
*They have some artificial intelligence<br />
*They may be associated with one computer terminal or one robot<br />
**A ghost in the machine<br />
*They may move around between machines to follow a person<br />
*They give some people the creeps<br />
*They want:<br />
**Nothing<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
[[Category:Robots]]</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Category:Robots&diff=5219Category:Robots2007-03-03T19:34:52Z<p>207.114.17.31: </p>
<hr />
<div>A great many types of robots will be needed for a fully operational lunar settlement.</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Category:Robots&diff=5218Category:Robots2007-03-03T19:34:28Z<p>207.114.17.31: </p>
<hr />
<div>A great many types of robots will be needed for a fully operational lunar settlement.<br />
<br />
Types of Robots</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Category:Robots&diff=5217Category:Robots2007-03-03T19:33:22Z<p>207.114.17.31: Category page for Robots</p>
<hr />
<div>A great many types of robots will be needed for a fully operational lunar settlement.</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Business_Management&diff=5215Business Management2007-03-03T19:03:03Z<p>207.114.17.31: Business Management Ideas and Back to the Moon</p>
<hr />
<div>==Business Management Ideas and Back to the Moon==<br />
<br />
Since we are talking about commercialization of the Moon, we must be willing to talk the talk of business. <br />
<br />
<br />
===Business management ideas===<br />
<br />
Any space settlement must also be a business to have any longevity at all. Any discussion of space settlement must therefore include the latest business management ideas. Such ideas often sound to technical people as slogans and claptrap without a basis in our beloved hard science. We need to get over it. Many business ideas now are based on science, particularly brain studies, so the situation from our stand point is definitely improving. In any event, we must talk with business people so we must talk their language. Many of the key ideas below are taken from management studies.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Having a Plan===<br />
<br />
Having a good working plan based on sound experience and good science will substantially improve your chances of achieving a goal. The great planers of our times would like you to think that their style of plan will improve your chances of success by 100% or even 200%. The truth is a good plan increases your chances of success by a reliable 5%.<br />
<br />
In situations of great competition and on very difficult tasks, that 5% makes all the difference in the world and defines the winner. With Lunarpedia, we are going after that 5%.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Ask the Customer===<br />
<br />
The classic approach to designing a product or service requires you to go out and ask your customers what they want and then provide it to them. In recent times this has proved difficult because most new products are designed to fulfill new needs. This is our case. Nobody needs to go back to the Moon just as nobody needed Apollo to the Moon in 1965.<br />
<br />
The best you can do to define a new need is to get possible customers and other knowledgeable individuals talking and then listen carefully to what they say. Deep needs often come out through language but only after few minutes of exchange. This conversation to uncover needs is one purpose of Lunarpedia.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Don't ask them to wear your straight jacket===<br />
<br />
Often we show up at their place but are wearing a straight jacket make up of our old and preconceived ideas from the past. We then ask them to put one on too. After all it looks so smart, was once in high fashion, and has our company logo. We then ask them to show us how they use our product and how it can be improved. <br />
<br />
We do way too much of this. With Lunarpedia we seek to, at least, loosen up all our straight jackets and let everyone think more freely.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Go where they live===<br />
<br />
If you want to communicate a big idea to someone you must go to them; you must go where they fell secure; you must go were they live. To date the back to the Moon idea has not caught on. We proponents have only gone where we feel safe. For the idea to move forward, we must make the effort to go out to where people live. In our day, one place people live is on the Internet. <br />
<br />
<br />
===Feed them what they eat===<br />
<br />
To get people in action on a new idea you must also present the idea in a way that they can accept; you must feed them what they eat. To date we have only offered people what we eat and what we all eat 40 year ago during Apollo. This is simply not working. <br />
<br />
To offer people what they eat, you must know what they eat. Right now we simply do not know what to offer. One way to find that out is to simply ask, but you must ask in a way that helps them to form an answer from vague ideas and in language. The Wiki format lets people do this by modifying what you first offer into what they really need. This is an active iterative process.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Gathering Feedback===<br />
<br />
One of the key purposes of Lunarpedia then is to gather feedback. We need reliable information on what people need from a back to the Moon movement and that information is not easy to come by. A wiki can be a power tool for this purpose.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Engineers and Entrepreneurs===<br />
<br />
People mistake these two activities very often. Engineers solve problems. Entrepreneurs exploit new possibilities. In a technical project these activities get all mixed together, but they require very different skills, outlooks, and mind sets. What we are doing here is being entrepreneurs. We are making the most of new possibilities, of our time and of our technology to do great things. In that effort we will also do some engineering along the way.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Let's hear it for Bureaucracy===<br />
<br />
Big bureaucracies are the devil we know, that we love to hate. Even so, we must understand their power because we must deal with them both government and corporate. Bureaucracy is the most efficient way that human beings have developed to get large projects done. There is '''no''' other way to get space settlement done. We must appreciate both their power and their necessity before we can work effectively to address their deficiencies.<br />
<br />
Because bureaucracies have power, their deficiencies are hard to deal with. Their weakness, which is a big problem for us, is their inability to deal with out of box ideas. They develop a group think that is a key to their great efficiency, but it results in their simply not being able to see or hear possibility. We simply need to keep at it until we are heard.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
[[Category:Purposes]]</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Buy-In_Explained&diff=5208Buy-In Explained2007-03-03T17:38:27Z<p>207.114.17.31: How buy-in can be used</p>
<hr />
<div>==Buy-In Explained==<br />
<br />
How did the great pyramids get built? How could anybody get a large number of people to take on such a daunting project? Buy-in is how. To return to the Moon we must understand this very human process.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Comprehending Buy-in===<br />
<br />
Most technical people have a gut feel for the concept of Buy-in. If you experience a buy-in, you hear an idea, you comprehend the idea, you envision yourself succeeding with the idea, you express your support for the idea, and you get in action on the idea.<br />
<br />
Please think back on some time when you took on a great project and then stayed with that project for a long time. It could be something from work or a hobby. It could be physical or mental. Sometimes it is about getting something big done. Sometimes it is about self improvement.<br />
<br />
Think back on the state of your mind that kept you going. Particularly think back on the hard times when the project was almost stopped. That state of mind is buy-in.<br />
<br />
For most people the buy-in state of mind includes a daydream of themselves succeeding with the project. Did you have such a daydream? Did it make any real sense? Did that matter?<br />
<br />
The power of buy-in was shown recently with the Mars Rover mission. The JPL team appeared in the heights of ecstasy on national television as their two landers bounced onto the Marian surface. The elevated state of this team was so infectious that even the Governor Schwarzenegger had to be there and the event was played over and over again on PBS. This type of elation is one of the great attractions of technical project work.<br />
<br />
Most project people have these daydreams and relish the buy-in state of mind. If this idea rings true to you then continue. If it does not, you might try talking the idea over with friends and coworkers to see how common this experience is.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Defining Buy-in===<br />
<br />
Various authors use a number terms for this concept. It may be called buy-in, enrollment, owning the process, or signing up. It also can be hidden within larger efforts like military recruitment and corporate sells. These are all variations on one theme.<br />
<br />
Under buy-in we hear about a new project, we envision ourselves succeeding with the project, we get in action on the project, and we stay in action on the project. President Kennedy's "We choose to go to the Moon" speech is one of the strongest examples of buy-in in the 20th century. We listened, we envisioned success as a nation, we got into action, we went to the moon. A good buy-in can take place in ten minutes and keep us in action for ten years.<br />
<br />
Sales is first cousin to buy-in, but is not the same thing. The first part of both efforts is remarkably similar. The difference comes at the end. At the end of a sale, a product or service has been exchanged for resources and the transaction is concluded. At the same stage in buy-in, the person is in action and will stay in action for a long time.<br />
<br />
The heavy use our new understanding of the human brain was introduced into sales in the 1990's. This effort resulted in such industries as the Sport's Utility Vehicle (SUV). Many of these practitioners got very wealthy and are keeping most of their procedures proprietary. <br />
<br />
Only by understanding how buy-in works do we have the power to generate it. We now have an excellent model of this process that can be applied to solving our great problems and taking advantage of great opportunities.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Step-by-Step Buy-in===<br />
<br />
Human beings are doers of great projects. Our brain model can help us understand how such projects are started and sustained. We will need to build and communicate positive world views that invite buy-in to productive projects.<br />
<br />
If you are a doer of projects then the following explanation of buy-in generation should be easy for you to relate to your personal experience. While reading it, think back to the start of your best project. How did you get roped into it? What vision of success kept you going though hard periods? How did being in action on a project make you feel?<br />
<br />
To enable people to effectively generate and accept buy-in requires a step-by-step process, a formal version of buy-in. Here are the specific steps in the process for inviting people to buy into your idea as it might occur at a project kickoff meeting:<br />
<br />
* '''1. Paying attention '''<br />
<br />
When people arrive at a presentation, they are often distracted by things that happened to them just getting there; the traffic was horrible; the weather is worse, here is my very important excuse for being late. None of this is really important but we do need to get it out of the way. The best way to do this is through language. Get people to talk among themselves before the presentation starts. Get your support people to talk to the audience members a little. Hold a conversation with a few key people yourself. Work the crowd a little. Do not bother to take notes on what is said; just get them to say anything about whatever is in the way. It does not have to make much sense. Like excuses, once spoken, the distractive stuff will then fade away into the background.<br />
<br />
* '''2. This is important to you '''<br />
<br />
Get the audience to start thinking about how your idea could make them successful in their lives. This starts the Vision of Success process. Be sure they see the presentation as unusual enough to be interesting, but not so unusual as to be threatening. In this process, connect personally with the audience. Make sure they know that you are inviting them to contribute to the project and become part of it.<br />
<br />
* '''3. Present the idea '''<br />
<br />
Here you may use any form of media that the audience will find interesting. These days everything is flashy pictures, which is okay but they will not do your job for you. The presentation must be inspiring and show your personal commitment.<br />
<br />
Here is where the skill of being a presenter and, to some extent, the skill of generating inspiration, come to the fore. They are crafts to be learned and practiced. Make a study of delivering an inspiring presentation. You can do it.<br />
<br />
Examples of how the idea has affected your personal life are usually accepted as important human-to-human communications, but they must be sincere. Over-rehearsed testimonials will put an audience off. Canned jokes and cynical quips can definitely break the development of the idea. If you sound like a TV pitchman or a preacher, then you will be heard as such.<br />
<br />
The presentation must have content, that is, information of real value to the audience must be there. Whiz-bang and flash are not enough. Lack of real content was one of the major problems in the Dot-Com boom and bust. In that boom, technical people demonstrated simultaneously that you can build Visions of Success on pure whiz-bang and that a boom built on this foundation of sand will not last.<br />
<br />
The presentation must have integrity. Human beings have a specific brain module for spotting phonies. This module is hardwired to an anxiety center. It is so astute that advertisements in magazines and on TV must have a recognizable format different from the program content. If the ads look and sound too much like the real content, people will first be fooled and then get very angry. Done poorly, a formal buy-in presentation comes across as a hidden hard sell, and it will then greatly upset people.<br />
<br />
Most of our integrity problems in life come from our saying one thing and doing another. It is very important to be up front about what you are doing and to hide nothing. Early on you need to find a good way to say that you are intentionally trying to get people into action on your great idea. <br />
<br />
* '''4. Invitation to Buy-in '''<br />
<br />
Don't use fancy graphics, you can leave something on the screen, but it must not be very interesting and it certainly must not be moving around or flashing. The next step must be done in language only. It can be written in text but it is most often spoken. You must assist the people of the audience in generating their individual Vision of Success with your idea. You should then see at least a few eyes light up.<br />
<br />
Make it perfectly clear that it is completely all right if they choose not to buy into your idea, but invite them to do so just the same. They must have free choice or they will later angrily reject the idea.<br />
<br />
* '''5. Opportunity for language '''<br />
<br />
Give everyone in the audience a chance to be moved to language. This usually means at least some time for questions and answers. But if the audience is large, you may need to get them talking among themselves for five minutes or send them to dinner in groups. Listen for any version of "I'm for this idea." With young people, it could be as simple as the word, "Cool." <br />
<br />
* '''6. Short-term actions ''' <br />
<br />
Make sure that there is some opportunity for short-term action. Something is available they can do this week without actually committing to changing their lives. Reference lists to take home and Web sites to surf are great here. It is not necessary that they be able to contact you personally, but a contact possibility with an appropriate organization or discussion group will be most helpful. If they have bought in, they need to have a clear next step to take.<br />
<br />
* '''7. Long-term action '''<br />
<br />
Make doubly sure that there is an opportunity for long-term action available. They need to know how they can make a real contribution to the project. These are the actions that get the job done and get the problems solved. <br />
<br />
* '''8. Vision of Success in memory '''<br />
<br />
You should suggest that they recall their Vision of Success from time to time. This can take the form of describing your personal practices in this area.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Consequences of Buy-in===<br />
<br />
Do not expect this process to be 100% successful. A 5% improvement over having no plan and just prattling on is great. The results compound like interest. Getting a response of "I'll think about it," is much better than getting one of "never"; they may be slowly building their Vision of Success. <br />
<br />
The key to our success is to get each person to envision a positive personal vision of success to keep them in action. This will also help them to reject negative ones.<br />
<br />
I first encounter this model under the name Enrollment in training courses of Landmark Education Corporation in about 1995. Their courses are still widely available and are about the best available for learning this approach.<br />
<br />
<br />
===The Lunarpedia Buy-in===<br />
<br />
What Lunarpedia is then is an invitation to a buy-in for its core idea of human being returning to settle the Moon. It invites you to understand this idea, envision yourself succeeding with this idea, and getting in action on this idea.<br />
<br />
Above all we will provide people with a positive vision of the future as a basis of action.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
[[Category:Purposes]]</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Category:Purposes&diff=5207Category:Purposes2007-03-03T17:35:48Z<p>207.114.17.31: </p>
<hr />
<div>Lunarpedia has many pruposes, all related to returning to the Moon. The articles in this category discuss many ideas all related to answering the question:<br />
<br />
What exactly are we trying to do?<br />
<br />
<br />
Buy-In</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Category:Purposes&diff=5206Category:Purposes2007-03-03T17:32:16Z<p>207.114.17.31: Category about the many purposes os Lunarpedia</p>
<hr />
<div>Lunarpedia has many pruposes, all related to returning to the Moon. The articles in this category discuss many ideas all related to answering the question:<br />
<br />
What exactly are we trying to do?</div>207.114.17.31https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=User_talk:Jriley&diff=5200User talk:Jriley2007-03-03T16:27:21Z<p>207.114.17.31: </p>
<hr />
<div>Welcome Tom.<br />
[[User:Cfrjlr|Charles F. Radley]] 19:30, 2 March 2007 (PST)<br />
<br />
<br />
Welcome to Lunarpedia! Don't worry about proofreading. If you've created a mess, just add the {<B></B>{Cleanup}<B></B>} tag. -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 03:02, 3 March 2007 (PST)<br />
<br />
== Difficulties getting started ==<br />
<br />
Thank you for the fast welcome.<br />
<br />
I am having a great deal of difficulty getting started. I have managed to input a page, "People on the Moon", but it is not linked to anything.<br />
--[[User:Jriley|Jriley]] 05:19, 3 March 2007 (PST)<br />
<br />
:Thank you for noting your difficulties. I'm presently working on a quick and dirty formatting guide. -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 05:54, 3 March 2007 (PST)<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons ==<br />
Mike wanted me to double-check that you knew that the Creative Commons namespace attributes Lunarpedia, not any of the contributors (I described the problem as the 150 contributors problem -- the required attribution could be longer than the used portion of the article). You're actually the first person to use the namespace. None of the people who insisted we needed it have yet contributed to Lunarpedia... -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 05:54, 3 March 2007 (PST)<br />
<br />
Right now, I do not know what you are talking about. For example, I am not familiar with the term Creative Commons namespace.<br />
<br />
Learning technical processes, like working a wiki, is an exponential process. You must start by making incredibly simple baby steps available to the newbie. Very soon, sometimes within hours, they will work up the exponential learning curve and often surpass their teachers. A teaching aid of this type is not easy to design and write. I have written such aids and could write one for Lunarpedia if necessary.<br />
<br />
I assure you that my expectation is that anything posted to a wiki is given to the entire world free for nothing. In fact that is the whole point.<br />
<br />
I have gotten two books published. Neither sold. I found the whole copy right effort an exercise in futility. I am out of the book writing business. I think it is obsolete anyway.<br />
<br />
What I am trying to do right now is move over to Wiki writing. This form seems to fit my entire history of communal work very well. (Peace, love, and all that hippy s**t).<br />
<br />
Thanks again for your prompt reply.<br />
<br />
--[[User:207.114.17.31|207.114.17.31]] 08:27, 3 March 2007 (PST)</div>207.114.17.31