Carbon Economy - Revision history

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2016-08-07T14:00:55Z

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2013-07-17T21:08:19Z

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2012-05-04T19:50:39Z

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2012-05-04T19:21:24Z

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2012-05-04T19:04:51Z

Economical Carbon Use and Process Synergies in Early Lunar Development: changing first person statement to third person, adding link

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2012-05-04T17:04:31Z

Economical Carbon Use and Process Synergies in Early Lunar Development: correcting reference number, adding link

Jotagiraldez: /* Related Articles */

2012-05-04T00:29:03Z

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2011-10-02T08:40:25Z

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 Over the last 20 years, many researchers have noted the desirability of using in-situ resources for multiplying the return from each dollar spent on space exploration (reference i). Less explored are the possibilities for combining the results of different [[ISRU|in-situ resource extraction]] processes, much less using them in combination with the biological wastes of base workers. This effort explores some of the possibilities for doing both in the early stages of lunar development.
-The traditional suggestion for making the most of every pound of food shipped to the Moon is : Recycle wastes to grow new food! This copying of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle carbon cycle] we see here on Earth is both natural, and logical. It is also quite expensive to set it up where it has never been before on a stable basis. Research on the subject has shown that large inputs for [[agriculture]] on the Moon are most probable, before any payback ever begins, much less breaks even, even on small scales.
+The traditional suggestion for making the most of every pound of food shipped to the Moon is : Recycle wastes to grow new food! This copying of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle carbon cycle] we see here on Earth is both natural, and logical. It is also quite expensive to set it up where it has never been before on a stable basis. Research on the subject has shown that large inputs for agriculture on the Moon are most probable, before any payback ever begins, much less breaks even, even on small scales.
-These inputs include: Biologically secure [[acreage]] in close proximity to the base and its personnel, [[Power for Settlements|electrical power]] capacity to light the crops during the 354 hour lunar night, machinery and material from Earth to illuminate and house and manipulate soil and crops, dedicated base worker man-hours to “keep the farm going”, dedicated man-hours for processing crops into edible [[food|foodstuffs]], machines and material for processing that process waste and the human waste into acceptable [[fertilizer]] for “the farm”. Lastly, we need the [[lift capacity]], and the money to pay, for all this to be shipped to the lunar surface. When we have the example of the [[ISS into the Pacific|ISS]] in front of us, where most of the man-hours are consumed just keeping the Station running, we do not need to replicate those particular problems on the [[Moon]], at greater cost!
+These inputs include: Biologically secure acreage in close proximity to the base and its personnel, [[Power for Settlements|electrical power]] capacity to light the crops during the 354 hour lunar night, machinery and material from Earth to illuminate and house and manipulate soil and crops, dedicated base worker man-hours to “keep the farm going”, dedicated man-hours for processing crops into edible foodstuffs, machines and material for processing that process waste and the human waste into acceptable fertilizer for “the farm”. Lastly, we need the [[lift capacity]], and the money to pay, for all this to be shipped to the lunar surface. When we have the example of the [[ISS into the Pacific|ISS]] in front of us, where most of the man-hours are consumed just keeping the Station running, we do not need to replicate those particular problems on the [[Moon]], at greater cost!
 These ideas are illustrated by a particular lunar development concept now in the process of being demonstrated in the virtual world of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Life Second Life], at the [[NASA CoLab]] site there. This is a three phase concept for development that starts with an [[inflatable Outpost Module]] suspended within the entrance to a lunar [[Lava Tube|lava tubes]] cave, whose explorers confirm the site as useful for development. Then they begin to help to suspend larger inflatable modules farther inside, with base crews totaling 20 crew installing and running a [[Oxygen#Lunar Production and Use|LOX Plant]], a [[Carbonyl Metals Plant]], and a [[Basalt Fiber Plant]] for [[Phase I Outpost|Phase I]]. It continues with the base crews using these in-situ materials to build most of the mass of the modules for the [[Phase II Settlement]] further inside the lava tubes, housing 200 or more people.
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-The functions of the Outpost and Base are both time-limited, and subject to the discipline in crews on a focused and urgent schedule. In this situation, the [[nutritional constraints]] of [[freeze-dried food]] and [[vitamins]] will be an acceptable environment to get their tasks done. Any demand in Phase I for using [[Carbon]] only in a full organic recycling system must therefore be justified in reductions of total system costs, including launch. Those total system costs include more uses for Carbon than just human consumption, however.
+The functions of the Outpost and Base are both time-limited, and subject to the discipline in crews on a focused and urgent schedule. In this situation, the nutritional constraints of freeze-dried food and [[vitamins]] will be an acceptable environment to get their tasks done. Any demand in Phase I for using [[Carbon]] only in a full organic recycling system must therefore be justified in reductions of total system costs, including launch. Those total system costs include more uses for Carbon than just human consumption, however.
 ==Industrial Uses==
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-The industrial processes of the [[LOX]] Plant, the Metals Plant, and the [[Basalt]] Fiber Plant are good examples of process synergy, extracting more and more from the same gathered material. In the LOX Plant, whether using the direct [[magma electrolysis|electrolysis]] of molten [[regolith]], or the indirect [[electrolysis]] of water derived from [[Ilmenite Reduction|hydrogen reduction]] of lunar [[Lunar Regolith|fines]], substantial fine waste material is generated, highly enriched in reduced [[ferrous metals]] at minimum. If desirable, this can proceed to reduction of [[Aluminum]] oxides as well in the direct process. These reduced ferrous metals are intimately mixed with unreduced oxides of lighter metals and [[silica]].
+The industrial processes of the LOX Plant, the Metals Plant, and the [[Basalt]] Fiber Plant are good examples of process synergy, extracting more and more from the same gathered material. In the LOX Plant, whether using the direct [[magma electrolysis|electrolysis]] of molten [[regolith]], or the indirect [[electrolysis]] of water derived from [[Ilmenite Reduction|hydrogen reduction]] of lunar [[Lunar Regolith|fines]], substantial fine waste material is generated, highly enriched in reduced ferrous metals at minimum. If desirable, this can proceed to reduction of [[Aluminum]] oxides as well in the direct process. These reduced ferrous metals are intimately mixed with unreduced oxides of lighter metals and [[silica]].
-The ferrous metals can be extracted from the mixture by the [[Mond Process]], using [[carbon monoxide]]. The remaining materials, including large amounts of [[alumina]], can be sent to the Basalt Fiber furnace. There, the high alumina and silica content of the Mond Process waste will enrich the basaltic proportions of metal oxides, moving the melt into the composition range of high tensile strength [[S-glass]]. If [[Aluminum]] has been extracted from the [[alumina]] at the LOX Plant, then the mix will be enriched far more by even lighter metal oxides like [[calcium oxide]], producing low melting temperature glass, for use as a matrix between the higher melting point [[S-glass]] fibers.
+The ferrous metals can be extracted from the mixture by the [[Mond process]], using [[carbon monoxide]]. The remaining materials, including large amounts of [[alumina]], can be sent to the Basalt Fiber furnace. There, the high alumina and silica content of the Mond Process waste will enrich the basaltic proportions of metal oxides, moving the melt into the composition range of high tensile strength [[S-glass]]. If [[Aluminum]] has been extracted from the [[alumina]] at the LOX Plant, then the mix will be enriched far more by even lighter metal oxides like [[calcium oxide]], producing low melting temperature glass, for use as a matrix between the higher melting point S-glass fibers.
-The Mond process, for extracting ferrous metals from in-situ resources at low temperatures, is the basis of the Metals Plant. It requires pressurized carbon monoxide, to form the metal [[carbonyls]] that are the intermediate step to [[vapor deposition]] of these metals. The carbonyl bonds are broken at lower pressures and higher temperature, depositing metal, and freeing carbon monoxide. While the equipment can and will be designed to recycle carbon monoxide freed from the carbonyl molecules in this vapor deposition process, process losses to the exterior will inevitably occur. Because the vacuum of the lunar environment will cause near instant disassociation of escaped [[Fe(CO)5]] and [[Ni(CO)4]] , that carbon monoxide will be lost. This must be replaced. When we require hundreds of tons of metals to build the Phase II Settlement, and the far greater amounts for the Phase III sealed lava tube community, the replacement of these losses from Earth will become very expensive.
+The Mond process, for extracting ferrous metals from in-situ resources at low temperatures, is the basis of the Metals Plant. It requires pressurized carbon monoxide, to form the metal carbonyls that are the intermediate step to [[Carbonyl Metals Plant|vapor deposition]] of these metals. The carbonyl bonds are broken at lower pressures and higher temperature, depositing metal, and freeing carbon monoxide. While the equipment can and will be designed to recycle carbon monoxide freed from the carbonyl molecules in this vapor deposition process, process losses to the exterior will inevitably occur. Because the vacuum of the lunar environment will cause near instant disassociation of escaped [[Fe(CO)5]] and [[Ni(CO)4]] , that carbon monoxide will be lost. This must be replaced. When we require hundreds of tons of metals to build the Phase II Settlement, and the far greater amounts for the Phase III sealed lava tube community, the replacement of these losses from Earth will become very expensive.

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−	While agronomists can plan on Earth what foods can be grown ~~easiest~~ in some larger Phase II modules, the crucial test will be what the settlers will want enough to buy at a high price, as a treat or reward. Here entrepreneurial farmers will come into their own, providing in small volumes the tastes that settlers actually prefer, rather than a pre-planned menu with volume and nutrition as the main selection criteria. The farm module's costs will still be high, as even shipping the farmer to the Moon will be costly. Any planning of these investments that overly limits the cropping flexibility of these farms will put their success at high risk. The use of human wastes, tapped out of the flow to industrial processes will be a natural option. The point in the flow they are tapped from must be planned, beginning the tapping even as more dried foods are shipped from Earth.	+	While agronomists can plan on Earth what foods can be grown most easily in some larger Phase II modules, the crucial test will be what the settlers will want enough to buy at a high price, as a treat or reward. Here entrepreneurial farmers will come into their own, providing in small volumes the tastes that settlers actually prefer, rather than a pre-planned menu with volume and nutrition as the main selection criteria. The farm module's costs will still be high, as even shipping the farmer to the Moon will be costly. Any planning of these investments that overly limits the cropping flexibility of these farms will put their success at high risk. The use of human wastes, tapped out of the flow to industrial processes will be a natural option. The point in the flow they are tapped from must be planned, beginning the tapping even as more dried foods are shipped from Earth.

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 These inputs include: Biologically secure [[acreage]] in close proximity to the base and its personnel, [[Power for Settlements|electrical power]] capacity to light the crops during the 354 hour lunar night, machinery and material from Earth to illuminate and house and manipulate soil and crops, dedicated base worker man-hours to “keep the farm going”, dedicated man-hours for processing crops into edible [[food|foodstuffs]], machines and material for processing that process waste and the human waste into acceptable [[fertilizer]] for “the farm”. Lastly, we need the [[lift capacity]], and the money to pay, for all this to be shipped to the lunar surface. When we have the example of the [[ISS into the Pacific|ISS]] in front of us, where most of the man-hours are consumed just keeping the Station running, we do not need to replicate those particular problems on the [[Moon]], at greater cost!
-These ideas are illustrated by a particular lunar development concept now in the process of being demonstrated in the virtual world of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Life Second Life], at the [[NASA CoLab]] site there. This is a three phase concept for development that starts with an [[inflatable Outpost Module]] suspended within the entrance to a lunar [[lava tubes|lavatube]] cave, whose explorers confirm the site as useful for development. Then they begin to help to suspend larger inflatable modules farther inside, with base crews totaling 20 crew installing and running a [[Oxygen#Lunar Production and Use|LOX Plant]], a [[Carbonyl Metals Plant]], and a [[Basalt Fiber Plant]] for [[Phase I Outpost|Phase I]]. It continues with the base crews using these in-situ materials to build most of the mass of the modules for the [[Phase II Settlement]] further inside the lavatubes, housing 200 or more people.
+These ideas are illustrated by a particular lunar development concept now in the process of being demonstrated in the virtual world of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Life Second Life], at the [[NASA CoLab]] site there. This is a three phase concept for development that starts with an [[inflatable Outpost Module]] suspended within the entrance to a lunar [[Lava Tube|lava tubes]] cave, whose explorers confirm the site as useful for development. Then they begin to help to suspend larger inflatable modules farther inside, with base crews totaling 20 crew installing and running a [[Oxygen#Lunar Production and Use|LOX Plant]], a [[Carbonyl Metals Plant]], and a [[Basalt Fiber Plant]] for [[Phase I Outpost|Phase I]]. It continues with the base crews using these in-situ materials to build most of the mass of the modules for the [[Phase II Settlement]] further inside the lava tubes, housing 200 or more people.
-People from this settlement can be employed to seal larger lavatubes nearby, creating a [[Phase III Community]] as a viable human habitation for thousands of people, who can blossom in a diversified and healthy economy while owning their own real estate in a spacious 1 atmosphere and 1/6th [[gravity]] environment. While this development concept includes power sources and other aspects, we will focus on [[Carbon economy]], its possible process synergies, and the question of where do we start to see that the costs of organic recycling can be amortized quickly enough to make it worthwhile.
+People from this settlement can be employed to seal larger lava tubes nearby, creating a [[Phase III Community]] as a viable human habitation for thousands of people, who can blossom in a diversified and healthy economy while owning their own real estate in a spacious 1 atmosphere and 1/6th [[gravity]] environment. While this development concept includes power sources and other aspects, we will focus on [[Carbon economy]], its possible process synergies, and the question of where do we start to see that the costs of organic recycling can be amortized quickly enough to make it worthwhile.

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 The traditional suggestion for making the most of every pound of food shipped to the Moon is : Recycle wastes to grow new food! This copying of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle carbon cycle] we see here on Earth is both natural, and logical. It is also quite expensive to set it up where it has never been before on a stable basis. Research on the subject has shown that large inputs for [[agriculture]] on the Moon are most probable, before any payback ever begins, much less breaks even, even on small scales.
-These inputs include: Biologically secure [[acreage]] in close proximity to the base and its personnel, [[Power for Settlements|electrical power]] capacity to light the crops during [[lunar night]], machinery and material from Earth to illuminate and house and manipulate soil and crops, dedicated base worker man-hours to “keep the farm going”, dedicated man-hours for processing crops into edible [[food|foodstuffs]], machines and material for processing that process waste and the human waste into acceptable [[fertilizer]] for “the farm”. Lastly, we need the [[lift capacity]], and the money to pay, for all this to be shipped to the lunar surface. When we have the example of the [[ISS into the Pacific|ISS]] in front of us, where most of the man-hours are consumed just keeping the Station running, we do not need to replicate those particular problems on the [[Moon]], at greater cost!
+These inputs include: Biologically secure [[acreage]] in close proximity to the base and its personnel, [[Power for Settlements|electrical power]] capacity to light the crops during the 354 hour lunar night, machinery and material from Earth to illuminate and house and manipulate soil and crops, dedicated base worker man-hours to “keep the farm going”, dedicated man-hours for processing crops into edible [[food|foodstuffs]], machines and material for processing that process waste and the human waste into acceptable [[fertilizer]] for “the farm”. Lastly, we need the [[lift capacity]], and the money to pay, for all this to be shipped to the lunar surface. When we have the example of the [[ISS into the Pacific|ISS]] in front of us, where most of the man-hours are consumed just keeping the Station running, we do not need to replicate those particular problems on the [[Moon]], at greater cost!
 These ideas are illustrated by a particular lunar development concept now in the process of being demonstrated in the virtual world of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Life Second Life], at the [[NASA CoLab]] site there. This is a three phase concept for development that starts with an [[inflatable Outpost Module]] suspended within the entrance to a lunar [[lava tubes|lavatube]] cave, whose explorers confirm the site as useful for development. Then they begin to help to suspend larger inflatable modules farther inside, with base crews totaling 20 crew installing and running a [[Oxygen#Lunar Production and Use|LOX Plant]], a [[Carbonyl Metals Plant]], and a [[Basalt Fiber Plant]] for [[Phase I Outpost|Phase I]]. It continues with the base crews using these in-situ materials to build most of the mass of the modules for the [[Phase II Settlement]] further inside the lavatubes, housing 200 or more people.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:21, 4 May 2012
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	These inputs include: Biologically secure [[acreage]] in close proximity to the base and its personnel, [[Power for Settlements\|electrical power]] capacity to light the crops during [[lunar night]], machinery and material from Earth to illuminate and house and manipulate soil and crops, dedicated base worker man-hours to “keep the farm going”, dedicated man-hours for processing crops into edible [[food\|foodstuffs]], machines and material for processing that process waste and the human waste into acceptable [[fertilizer]] for “the farm”. Lastly, we need the [[lift capacity]], and the money to pay, for all this to be shipped to the lunar surface. When we have the example of the [[ISS into the Pacific\|ISS]] in front of us, where most of the man-hours are consumed just keeping the Station running, we do not need to replicate those particular problems on the [[Moon]], at greater cost!		These inputs include: Biologically secure [[acreage]] in close proximity to the base and its personnel, [[Power for Settlements\|electrical power]] capacity to light the crops during [[lunar night]], machinery and material from Earth to illuminate and house and manipulate soil and crops, dedicated base worker man-hours to “keep the farm going”, dedicated man-hours for processing crops into edible [[food\|foodstuffs]], machines and material for processing that process waste and the human waste into acceptable [[fertilizer]] for “the farm”. Lastly, we need the [[lift capacity]], and the money to pay, for all this to be shipped to the lunar surface. When we have the example of the [[ISS into the Pacific\|ISS]] in front of us, where most of the man-hours are consumed just keeping the Station running, we do not need to replicate those particular problems on the [[Moon]], at greater cost!

−	These ideas are illustrated by a particular lunar development concept now in the process of being demonstrated in the virtual world of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Life Second Life], at the [[NASA CoLab]] site there. This is a three phase concept for development that starts with an [[inflatable Outpost Module]] suspended within the entrance to a lunar [[lava tubes\|lavatube]] cave, whose explorers confirm the site as useful for development. Then they begin to help to suspend larger inflatable modules farther inside, with base crews totaling 20 crew installing and running a [[LOX Plant]], a [[Carbonyl Metals Plant]], and a [[Basalt Fiber Plant]] for [[Phase I Outpost\|Phase I]]. It continues with the base crews using these in-situ materials to build most of the mass of the modules for the [[Phase II Settlement]] further inside the lavatubes, housing 200 or more people.	+	These ideas are illustrated by a particular lunar development concept now in the process of being demonstrated in the virtual world of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Life Second Life], at the [[NASA CoLab]] site there. This is a three phase concept for development that starts with an [[inflatable Outpost Module]] suspended within the entrance to a lunar [[lava tubes\|lavatube]] cave, whose explorers confirm the site as useful for development. Then they begin to help to suspend larger inflatable modules farther inside, with base crews totaling 20 crew installing and running a [[Oxygen#Lunar Production and Use\|LOX Plant]], a [[Carbonyl Metals Plant]], and a [[Basalt Fiber Plant]] for [[Phase I Outpost\|Phase I]]. It continues with the base crews using these in-situ materials to build most of the mass of the modules for the [[Phase II Settlement]] further inside the lavatubes, housing 200 or more people.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:04, 4 May 2012
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	These inputs include: Biologically secure [[acreage]] in close proximity to the base and its personnel, [[Power for Settlements\|electrical power]] capacity to light the crops during [[lunar night]], machinery and material from Earth to illuminate and house and manipulate soil and crops, dedicated base worker man-hours to “keep the farm going”, dedicated man-hours for processing crops into edible [[food\|foodstuffs]], machines and material for processing that process waste and the human waste into acceptable [[fertilizer]] for “the farm”. Lastly, we need the [[lift capacity]], and the money to pay, for all this to be shipped to the lunar surface. When we have the example of the [[ISS into the Pacific\|ISS]] in front of us, where most of the man-hours are consumed just keeping the Station running, we do not need to replicate those particular problems on the [[Moon]], at greater cost!		These inputs include: Biologically secure [[acreage]] in close proximity to the base and its personnel, [[Power for Settlements\|electrical power]] capacity to light the crops during [[lunar night]], machinery and material from Earth to illuminate and house and manipulate soil and crops, dedicated base worker man-hours to “keep the farm going”, dedicated man-hours for processing crops into edible [[food\|foodstuffs]], machines and material for processing that process waste and the human waste into acceptable [[fertilizer]] for “the farm”. Lastly, we need the [[lift capacity]], and the money to pay, for all this to be shipped to the lunar surface. When we have the example of the [[ISS into the Pacific\|ISS]] in front of us, where most of the man-hours are consumed just keeping the Station running, we do not need to replicate those particular problems on the [[Moon]], at greater cost!

−	~~To facilitate focus of attention, I will speak of these matters in relation to~~ a particular lunar development concept now in the process of being demonstrated in the virtual world of [[Second Life]], at the [[NASA CoLab]] site there. This is a three phase concept for development that starts with an [[inflatable Outpost Module]] suspended within the entrance to a lunar [[lava tubes\|lavatube]] cave, whose explorers confirm the site as useful for development. Then they begin to help to suspend larger inflatable modules farther inside, with base crews totaling 20 crew installing and running a [[LOX Plant]], a [[Carbonyl Metals Plant]], and a [[Basalt Fiber Plant]] for [[Phase I Outpost\|Phase I]]. It continues with the base crews using these in-situ materials to build most of the mass of the modules for the [[Phase II Settlement]] further inside the lavatubes, housing 200 or more people.	+	These ideas are illustrated by a particular lunar development concept now in the process of being demonstrated in the virtual world of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Life Second Life], at the [[NASA CoLab]] site there. This is a three phase concept for development that starts with an [[inflatable Outpost Module]] suspended within the entrance to a lunar [[lava tubes\|lavatube]] cave, whose explorers confirm the site as useful for development. Then they begin to help to suspend larger inflatable modules farther inside, with base crews totaling 20 crew installing and running a [[LOX Plant]], a [[Carbonyl Metals Plant]], and a [[Basalt Fiber Plant]] for [[Phase I Outpost\|Phase I]]. It continues with the base crews using these in-situ materials to build most of the mass of the modules for the [[Phase II Settlement]] further inside the lavatubes, housing 200 or more people.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Economical Carbon Use and Process Synergies in Early Lunar Development==
-Over the last 20 years, many researchers have noted the desirability of using in-situ resources for multiplying the return from each dollar spent on space exploration (reference ii). Less explored are the possibilities for combining the results of different [[ISRU|in-situ resource extraction]] processes, much less using them in combination with the biological wastes of base workers. This effort explores some of the possibilities for doing both in the early stages of lunar development.
+Over the last 20 years, many researchers have noted the desirability of using in-situ resources for multiplying the return from each dollar spent on space exploration (reference i). Less explored are the possibilities for combining the results of different [[ISRU|in-situ resource extraction]] processes, much less using them in combination with the biological wastes of base workers. This effort explores some of the possibilities for doing both in the early stages of lunar development.
-The traditional suggestion for making the most of every pound of food shipped to the Moon is : Recycle wastes to grow new food! This copying of the [[Carbon cycle]] we see here on Earth is both natural, and logical. It is also quite expensive to set it up where it has never been before on a stable basis. Research on the subject has shown that large inputs for [[agriculture]] on the Moon are most probable, before any payback ever begins, much less breaks even, even on small scales.
+The traditional suggestion for making the most of every pound of food shipped to the Moon is : Recycle wastes to grow new food! This copying of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle carbon cycle] we see here on Earth is both natural, and logical. It is also quite expensive to set it up where it has never been before on a stable basis. Research on the subject has shown that large inputs for [[agriculture]] on the Moon are most probable, before any payback ever begins, much less breaks even, even on small scales.
 These inputs include: Biologically secure [[acreage]] in close proximity to the base and its personnel, [[Power for Settlements|electrical power]] capacity to light the crops during [[lunar night]], machinery and material from Earth to illuminate and house and manipulate soil and crops, dedicated base worker man-hours to “keep the farm going”, dedicated man-hours for processing crops into edible [[food|foodstuffs]], machines and material for processing that process waste and the human waste into acceptable [[fertilizer]] for “the farm”. Lastly, we need the [[lift capacity]], and the money to pay, for all this to be shipped to the lunar surface. When we have the example of the [[ISS into the Pacific|ISS]] in front of us, where most of the man-hours are consumed just keeping the Station running, we do not need to replicate those particular problems on the [[Moon]], at greater cost!

@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 ==Related Articles==
 *[[Bootstrapping Industry]]
 *[[Fluorine Reaction]]