Grid Standard Proposal 2 - Revision history

Farred: fix format

2013-10-09T19:29:51Z

fix format

Cfrjlr: Reverted edits by 192.115.104.88 (Talk); changed back to last version by Mdelaney

2007-11-24T15:57:20Z

Reverted edits by 192.115.104.88 (Talk); changed back to last version by Mdelaney

192.115.104.88 at 16:54, 21 November 2007

2007-11-21T16:54:49Z

Mdelaney: /* Reasoning */

2007-05-09T10:21:47Z

Reasoning

Mdelaney: /* Reasoning */

2007-05-09T10:20:42Z

Reasoning

Mdelaney at 23:09, 4 April 2007

2007-04-04T23:09:28Z

86.42.134.254: /* Reasoning */

2007-03-12T00:23:00Z

Reasoning

86.42.134.254: /* Reasoning */

2007-03-12T00:15:57Z

Reasoning

86.42.134.254: /* Reasoning */

2007-03-12T00:14:33Z

Reasoning

86.42.134.254: /* Reasoning */

2007-03-12T00:11:14Z

Reasoning

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 ==Reasoning==
-[[Electrical resistance]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance Electrical Resistance]]</ref> of [[Electrical Conductors|conductors]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductor Electrical Conductor]]</ref> varies with the [[frequency]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency Frequency]]</ref>. The [[Electrical resistance|resistance]] ([[impedance]])<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance Electrical Impedance]]</ref> seen by [[AC]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current Alternating Current]]</ref> system can be much lower than the [[DC]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current Direct Current]]</ref> resistance of the same piece of wire.
+[[Electrical resistance]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance Electrical Resistance]</ref> of [[Electrical Conductors|conductors]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductor Electrical Conductor]</ref> varies with the [[frequency]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency Frequency]</ref>. The [[Electrical resistance|resistance]] ([[impedance]])<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance Electrical Impedance]</ref> seen by [[AC]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current Alternating Current]</ref> system can be much lower than the [[DC]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current Direct Current]</ref> resistance of the same piece of wire.
-Also, the degree of [[inductive coupling]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_coupling Inductive Coupling]]</ref> between [[primary coil]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_coil Primary Coil]]</ref> and [[secondary coil]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_Coil Secondary Coil]]</ref> in [[transformer|transformers]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer Transformers]]</ref> can increase with higher frequencies. Therefore, higher frequencies are desirable because transformers used for converting [[voltage]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage Voltage]]</ref> can be both smaller and more efficient.
+Also, the degree of [[inductive coupling]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_coupling Inductive Coupling]</ref> between [[primary coil]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_coil Primary Coil]</ref> and [[secondary coil]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_Coil Secondary Coil]</ref> in [[transformer|transformers]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer Transformers]</ref> can increase with higher frequencies. Therefore, higher frequencies are desirable because transformers used for converting [[voltage]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage Voltage]</ref> can be both smaller and more efficient.
 There are limiting factors, however.
-*AC can cause a hum, typically the changing [[magnetic field]] <ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field Magnetic Field]]
+*AC can cause a hum, typically the changing [[magnetic field]] <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field Magnetic Field]
 </ref>causes the transformer core plates to expand and contract, causing sound waves to be generated. In a habitable area, a hypothetical 1 kHz would be like having the microwave oven beeping continuously. But on Earth, lower frequencies are used in domestic situations, and good design can eliminate any detectable hum.
-*Higher frequencies in the [[RF]] ([[Radio Frequency]])<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequency Radio Frequency]]</ref> range can radiate like a radio transmitter, and cause [[EMI]] ([[Electro Magnetic Interference]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_interference Electro Magnetic Interference]]</ref>). EMI in turn requires shielding, special grounding and other techniques know as [[EMC]] ([[Electro Magnetic Compatibility]])<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_Compatibility Electromagnetic Compatibility]]</ref> Design to reduce the amount of [[RF leakage]] and/or reduce the amount of coupling to the electronic "victim". EMI can be a problem for sensitive electronic equipment, such as some scientific experiments
+*Higher frequencies in the [[RF]] ([[Radio Frequency]])<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequency Radio Frequency]</ref> range can radiate like a radio transmitter, and cause [[EMI]] ([[Electro Magnetic Interference]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_interference Electro Magnetic Interference]</ref>). EMI in turn requires shielding, special grounding and other techniques know as [[EMC]] ([[Electro Magnetic Compatibility]])<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_Compatibility Electromagnetic Compatibility]</ref> Design to reduce the amount of [[RF leakage]] and/or reduce the amount of coupling to the electronic "victim". EMI can be a problem for sensitive electronic equipment, such as some scientific experiments
-*At higher frequencies electricity tends to travel more towards the outside of the wire ([[Skin Effect]]<ref> [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_effect Skin Effect]]
+*At higher frequencies electricity tends to travel more towards the outside of the wire ([[Skin Effect]]<ref> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_effect Skin Effect]
 </ref>) reducing efficiency. Some conductors have a thin highly conductive outer layer (e.g. silver) and a lower conductive inner core made of cheaper material, to take advantage of this phenomenon.
-Various frequencies are used in AC systems. 50HZ is used in the UK for domestic 240V AC, and the USA and Canada use 60 Hz at 110 V. 400 Hz is a frequency that has in the past been used on trains, buses and aircraft for running [[fluorescent lights]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lights Fluorescent Lights]]</ref>. Aircraft mostly utilize 400 Hz power systems, the reduction in core and winding weight more than offsets the small increase in thermal losses. Even higher frequencies are used for [[HT]] ([[high tension]])<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_voltage High Tension]]</ref> long distance [[Electric_power_transmission|power transmission]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmission Electric Power Transmission]]</ref> on Earth.
+Various frequencies are used in AC systems. 50HZ is used in the UK for domestic 240V AC, and the USA and Canada use 60 Hz at 110 V. 400 Hz is a frequency that has in the past been used on trains, buses and aircraft for running [[fluorescent lights]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lights Fluorescent Lights]</ref>. Aircraft mostly utilize 400 Hz power systems, the reduction in core and winding weight more than offsets the small increase in thermal losses. Even higher frequencies are used for [[HT]] ([[high tension]])<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_voltage High Tension]</ref> long distance [[Electric_power_transmission|power transmission]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmission Electric Power Transmission]</ref> on Earth.
 Interesting lunar ISRU scenario: large quantities of iron dust are available on the Moon. So lunar transformers can have massive cores, which means low frequencies could be more attractive, because thermal losses become more of a concern, and copper or gold wires imported from Earth need to be as thin and light as possible.
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 <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;">
 <references/>
-[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field Electric Field]]
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field Electric Field]</div>
 ==Pros==

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 ==Reasoning==
-[[Electrical resistance]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance Electrical Resistance]]</ref> of [[conductors]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductor Electrical Conductor]]</ref> varies with the [[frequency]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency Frequency]]</ref>. The [[Electrical resistance|resistance]] ([[impedance]])<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance Electrical Impedance]]</ref> seen by [[AC]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current Alternating Current]]</ref> system can be much lower than the [[DC]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current Direct Current]]</ref> resistance of the same piece of wire.
+[[Electrical resistance]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance Electrical Resistance]]</ref> of [[Electrical Conductors|conductors]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductor Electrical Conductor]]</ref> varies with the [[frequency]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency Frequency]]</ref>. The [[Electrical resistance|resistance]] ([[impedance]])<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance Electrical Impedance]]</ref> seen by [[AC]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current Alternating Current]]</ref> system can be much lower than the [[DC]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current Direct Current]]</ref> resistance of the same piece of wire.
 Also, the degree of [[inductive coupling]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_coupling Inductive Coupling]]</ref> between [[primary coil]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_coil Primary Coil]]</ref> and [[secondary coil]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_Coil Secondary Coil]]</ref> in [[transformer|transformers]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer Transformers]]</ref> can increase with higher frequencies. Therefore, higher frequencies are desirable because transformers used for converting [[voltage]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage Voltage]]</ref> can be both smaller and more efficient.

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 *Higher frequencies in the [[RF]] ([[Radio Frequency]])<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequency Radio Frequency]]</ref> range can radiate like a radio transmitter, and cause [[EMI]] ([[Electro Magnetic Interference]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_interference Electro Magnetic Interference]]</ref>). EMI in turn requires shielding, special grounding and other techniques know as [[EMC]] ([[Electro Magnetic Compatibility]])<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_Compatibility Electromagnetic Compatibility]]</ref> Design to reduce the amount of [[RF leakage]] and/or reduce the amount of coupling to the electronic "victim". EMI can be a problem for sensitive electronic equipment, such as some scientific experiments
 *At higher frequencies electricity tends to travel more towards the outside of the wire ([[Skin Effect]]<ref> [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_effect Skin Effect]]
-</ref>) reducing efficiency. Some conductors have a thin highly conductive outer layer (e.g. gold) and a lower conductive inner core made of cheaper material, to take advantage of this phenomenon.
+</ref>) reducing efficiency. Some conductors have a thin highly conductive outer layer (e.g. silver) and a lower conductive inner core made of cheaper material, to take advantage of this phenomenon.
 Various frequencies are used in AC systems. 50HZ is used in the UK for domestic 240V AC, and the USA and Canada use 60 Hz at 110 V. 400 Hz is a frequency that has in the past been used on trains, buses and aircraft for running [[fluorescent lights]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lights Fluorescent Lights]]</ref>. Aircraft mostly utilize 400 Hz power systems, the reduction in core and winding weight more than offsets the small increase in thermal losses. Even higher frequencies are used for [[HT]] ([[high tension]])<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_voltage High Tension]]</ref> long distance [[Electric_power_transmission|power transmission]]<ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmission Electric Power Transmission]]</ref> on Earth.

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-[[Category:Life Support (Power Supply)]]
+[[Category:Power Supply]]
 [[Category:Urban Planning]]
 [[Category:Electrical Specifications]]