Ilmenite - Revision history

Farred: fix typo, add comma

2014-10-14T00:42:40Z

fix typo, add comma

Farred: correction

2014-09-17T17:14:31Z

correction

Farred: addition with the reversion of User 2014 128.156.10.80's edit supported by discussion

2014-08-30T23:11:12Z

addition with the reversion of User 2014 128.156.10.80's edit supported by discussion

Farred: Undo revision 25339 by 128.156.10.80 (talk)

2014-08-30T22:32:37Z

Undo revision 25339 by 128.156.10.80 (talk)

128.156.10.80: ilmenite has too wide a bandgap for efficient solar conversion

2014-03-04T14:14:13Z

ilmenite has too wide a bandgap for efficient solar conversion

Farred: addition

2014-01-08T07:47:14Z

addition

Farred: addition, tweaks

2014-01-06T17:37:01Z

addition, tweaks

Silverwurm: added link to beneficiation page

2011-09-22T20:06:44Z

added link to beneficiation page

Silverwurm: Changed structure, removed stub tag

2011-08-20T21:13:15Z

Changed structure, removed stub tag

64.134.27.104 at 03:45, 6 December 2010

2010-12-06T03:45:42Z

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 Ilmenite has been proposed as a feedstock for lunar [[Lunar Titanium Production|titanium]] and [[iron]] production. In addition, the iron oxides present in the Ilmenite require the least energy to reduce of any oxide found on Luna. Because of this property, together with the ease of extraction from lunar sources, ilmenite has been proposed as a prime material for production of lunar [[oxygen]].
-Crystallized Ilmenite is a semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.54 volts.<ref>''THE MOON, Resources, Future Development, and Settlement''; David Schrunk, Burton Sharpe, Bonnie Cooper, Madhu Thangavelu; (C) 2008 Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK; p 273</ref>  Ilmenite photovoltaic cells may have a greater conversion efficiency then silicon or gallium arsenide in unfiltered solar radiation.  Also, they should withstand higher temperature with less radiation damage.  When ''THE MOON, Resources, Future Development, and Settlement'' by Schrunk et al. was published in 2008, the development of the photovoltaic properties of ilmenite was not far enough along to be certain of its usefulness in solar cells.  In the sunlight filtered by Earth's atmosphere silicon cells would have an advantage in efficiency.<ref>[http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/Articleimage/2014/EE/c3ee41981a/c3ee41981a-f2_hi-res.gif efficiency as a function of bandgap]</ref>
+Crystallized Ilmenite is a semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.54 volts.<ref>''THE MOON, Resources, Future Development, and Settlement''; David Schrunk, Burton Sharpe, Bonnie Cooper, Madhu Thangavelu; (C) 2008 Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK; p 273</ref>  Ilmenite photovoltaic cells may have a greater conversion efficiency than silicon or gallium arsenide in unfiltered solar radiation.  Also, they should withstand higher temperature with less radiation damage.  When ''THE MOON, Resources, Future Development, and Settlement'' by Schrunk et al. was published in 2008, the development of the photovoltaic properties of ilmenite was not far enough along to be certain of its usefulness in solar cells.  In the sunlight filtered by Earth's atmosphere, silicon cells would have an advantage in efficiency.<ref>[http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/Articleimage/2014/EE/c3ee41981a/c3ee41981a-f2_hi-res.gif efficiency as a function of bandgap]</ref>
 ==External Links==

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 *[http://webmineral.com/data/Ilmenite.shtml e-Rocks.com Ilmenite Mineral Data]
 *[http://www.mindat.org/min-2013.html Mindat.org Ilmenite mineral information and data]
-*Space Solar News Vol. 4 No. 6, [http://www.outofthecradle.net/WordPress/wp-content/uploads/srn_v4n06.pdf Lunar Ilmenite for Solar Cells]
+*''Space Resource News'' Vol. 4 No. 6, [http://www.outofthecradle.net/WordPress/wp-content/uploads/srn_v4n06.pdf Lunar Ilmenite for Solar Cells]
 ==Reference==

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 Ilmenite has been proposed as a feedstock for lunar [[Lunar Titanium Production|titanium]] and [[iron]] production. In addition, the iron oxides present in the Ilmenite require the least energy to reduce of any oxide found on Luna. Because of this property, together with the ease of extraction from lunar sources, ilmenite has been proposed as a prime material for production of lunar [[oxygen]].
-Crystallized Ilmenite is a semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.54 volts.<ref>''THE MOON, Resources, Future Development, and Settlement''; David Schrunk, Burton Sharpe, Bonnie Cooper, Madhu Thangavelu; (C) 2008 Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK; p 273</ref>  Ilmenite photovoltaic cells would have a greater conversion efficiency then silicon or gallium arsenide in unfiltered solar radiation.  Also, they should withstand higher temperature with less radiation damage.
+Crystallized Ilmenite is a semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.54 volts.<ref>''THE MOON, Resources, Future Development, and Settlement''; David Schrunk, Burton Sharpe, Bonnie Cooper, Madhu Thangavelu; (C) 2008 Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK; p 273</ref>  Ilmenite photovoltaic cells may have a greater conversion efficiency then silicon or gallium arsenide in unfiltered solar radiation.  Also, they should withstand higher temperature with less radiation damage.  When ''THE MOON, Resources, Future Development, and Settlement'' by Schrunk et al. was published in 2008, the development of the photovoltaic properties of ilmenite was not far enough along to be certain of its usefulness in solar cells.  In the sunlight filtered by Earth's atmosphere silicon cells would have an advantage in efficiency.<ref>[http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/Articleimage/2014/EE/c3ee41981a/c3ee41981a-f2_hi-res.gif efficiency as a function of bandgap]</ref>
 ==External Links==

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 Ilmenite has been proposed as a feedstock for lunar [[Lunar Titanium Production|titanium]] and [[iron]] production. In addition, the iron oxides present in the Ilmenite require the least energy to reduce of any oxide found on Luna. Because of this property, together with the ease of extraction from lunar sources, ilmenite has been proposed as a prime material for production of lunar [[oxygen]].
-Crystallized Ilmenite is a semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.54 volts.<ref>''THE MOON, Resources, Future Development, and Settlement''; David Schrunk, Burton Sharpe, Bonnie Cooper, Madhu Thangavelu; (C) 2008 Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK; p 273</ref>  Ilmenite photovoltaic cells would have a worse conversion efficiency then silicon or gallium arsenide in unfiltered solar radiation.<ref>[http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/Articleimage/2014/EE/c3ee41981a/c3ee41981a-f2_hi-res.gif efficiency as a function of bandgap] from L. L. Kazmerski, ''J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom.'', 2006, 150, 105–135</ref>  However, because of its wide bandgap, it should be able to operate at higher temperature without degradation.
+Crystallized Ilmenite is a semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.54 volts.<ref>''THE MOON, Resources, Future Development, and Settlement''; David Schrunk, Burton Sharpe, Bonnie Cooper, Madhu Thangavelu; (C) 2008 Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK; p 273</ref>  Ilmenite photovoltaic cells would have a greater conversion efficiency then silicon or gallium arsenide in unfiltered solar radiation.  Also, they should withstand higher temperature with less radiation damage.
 ==External Links==

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 Ilmenite has been proposed as a feedstock for lunar [[Lunar Titanium Production|titanium]] and [[iron]] production. In addition, the iron oxides present in the Ilmenite require the least energy to reduce of any oxide found on Luna. Because of this property, together with the ease of extraction from lunar sources, ilmenite has been proposed as a prime material for production of lunar [[oxygen]].
-Crystallized Ilmenite is a semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.54 volts.<ref>''THE MOON, Resources, Future Development, and Settlement''; David Schrunk, Burton Sharpe, Bonnie Cooper, Madhu Thangavelu; (C) 2008 Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK; p 273</ref>  Ilmenite photovoltaic cells would have a greater conversion efficiency then silicon or gallium arsenide in unfiltered solar radiation.  Also, they should withstand higher temperature with less radiation damage.
+Crystallized Ilmenite is a semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.54 volts.<ref>''THE MOON, Resources, Future Development, and Settlement''; David Schrunk, Burton Sharpe, Bonnie Cooper, Madhu Thangavelu; (C) 2008 Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK; p 273</ref>  Ilmenite photovoltaic cells would have a worse conversion efficiency then silicon or gallium arsenide in unfiltered solar radiation.<ref>[http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/Articleimage/2014/EE/c3ee41981a/c3ee41981a-f2_hi-res.gif efficiency as a function of bandgap] from L. L. Kazmerski, ''J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom.'', 2006, 150, 105–135</ref>  However, because of its wide bandgap, it should be able to operate at higher temperature without degradation.
 ==External Links==

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 == Introduction ==
-'''Ilmenite''' ([[Iron|Fe]][[Titanium|Ti]]O<SUB>3</SUB>, also known as Iron titanate, or [[Iron]] [[Titanium]] oxide) is a naturally occurring titanium and iron ore. It is named for the location where it was discovered, Ilmen Lake in the Ural Mountains of Russia. Ilmenite is currently the most important ore of Titanium for terrestrial production. It is reasonably abundant on the Luna, the greatest concentrations being found in the lunar maria.
+'''Ilmenite''' ([[Iron|Fe]][[Titanium|Ti]]O<SUB>3</SUB>, also known as Iron titanate, or [[iron]] [[titanium]] oxide) is a naturally occurring titanium and iron ore. It is named for the location where it was discovered, Ilmen Lake in the Ural Mountains of Russia. Ilmenite is currently the most important ore of Titanium for terrestrial production. It is reasonably abundant on Luna, the greatest concentrations being found in the lunar maria.
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 Ilmenite is weakly magnetic, and can be removed from lunar regolith by [[Beneficiation|magnetic beneficiation]]. This property allows for the relatively easy extraction of Ilmenite, even from areas where it is not as abundant.
-Ilmenite has been proposed as a feedstock for lunar [[Lunar Titanium Production|titanium]] and [[iron]] production. In addition, the iron oxides present in the Ilmenite require the least energy to reduce of any oxide found on Luna. Because of this property, together with the ease of extraction from lunar sources, ilmenite has been proposed as a prime material for production of lunar [[Oxygen]].
+Ilmenite has been proposed as a feedstock for lunar [[Lunar Titanium Production|titanium]] and [[iron]] production. In addition, the iron oxides present in the Ilmenite require the least energy to reduce of any oxide found on Luna. Because of this property, together with the ease of extraction from lunar sources, ilmenite has been proposed as a prime material for production of lunar [[oxygen]].
-Crystallized Ilmenite is a semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.54 volts.  Ilmenite photovoltaic cells would have a greater conversion efficiency then silicon or gallium arsenide in unfiltered solar radiation.  Also, they should withstand higher temperature with less radiation damage.
+Crystallized Ilmenite is a semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.54 volts.<ref>''THE MOON''; David Schrunk, Burton Sharpe, Bonnie Cooper, Madhu Thangavelu; (C) 2008 Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK; p 273</ref>  Ilmenite photovoltaic cells would have a greater conversion efficiency then silicon or gallium arsenide in unfiltered solar radiation.  Also, they should withstand higher temperature with less radiation damage.
 ==External Links==
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 *[http://webmineral.com/data/Ilmenite.shtml e-Rocks.com Ilmenite Mineral Data]
 *[http://www.mindat.org/min-2013.html Mindat.org Ilmenite mineral information and data]
 *Space Solar News Vol. 4 No. 6, [http://www.outofthecradle.net/WordPress/wp-content/uploads/srn_v4n06.pdf Lunar Ilmenite for Solar Cells]
 [[Category:Selenology]]
 [[Category:Chemistry]]
 [[Category:Minerals]]

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-{{selene Stub}}
+== Introduction ==
-FeTiO<SUB>3</SUB> (Iron titanate, or [[Iron]] [[Titanium]] oxide)
-<BR/><BR/>
+'''Ilmenite''' ([[Iron|Fe]][[Titanium|Ti]]O<SUB>3</SUB>, also known as Iron titanate, or [[Iron]] [[Titanium]] oxide) is a naturally occurring titanium and iron ore. It is named for the location where it was discovered, Ilmen Lake in the Ural Mountains of Russia. Ilmenite is currently the most important ore of Titanium for terrestrial production. It is reasonably abundant on the Luna, the greatest concentrations being found in the lunar maria.
-'''Ilmenite''' is a naturally occurring titanium and iron ore. It is named for the location where it was discovered, Ilmen Lake in the Ural Mountains of Russia. It is present in variable quantities on the surface of the moon.
-<BR/><BR/>
-Currently Ilmenite is the most important ore of Titanium in the world and its only competition is [[rutile]]. Although rutile has a higher amount of titanium in its makeup, rutile is not concentrated in planet-side igneous deposits like ilmenite and thus is not as useful.
+== Lunar Extraction and Use ==
-<BR/><BR/>
+(see also: [[Ilmenite Reduction]])
-[[LUNOX | Oxygen]] can be extracted from ilmenite by [[reduction | reducing]] the iron content to metallic form by the process of [[Ilmenite Reduction]].
-<BR/><BR/>
+Ilmenite is weakly magnetic, and can be removed from lunar regolith by means of a sufficiently powerful magnet. This property allows for the relatively easy extraction of Ilmenite, even from areas where it is not as abundant.
-Crystalized Ilmenite is a semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.54 volts.  Ilmenite photovoltaic cells would have a greater conversion efficiency then silicon or gallium arsenide in unfiltered solar radiation.  Also, they should withstand higher temperature with less radiation damage.
 ==External Links==