KREEP - Revision history

Farred: addition

2015-06-19T03:19:08Z

addition

Farred: /* Related Articles */ add link

2011-11-20T06:10:02Z

Jarogers2001: expand tags

2007-04-03T21:55:16Z

expand tags

Strangelv: removing stub tag

2007-04-03T07:12:22Z

removing stub tag

Jarogers2001: added thorium map

2007-04-03T06:41:04Z

added thorium map

Jarogers2001: floated TOC, added an Image

2007-04-03T06:13:14Z

floated TOC, added an Image

Jarogers2001: some rearrangement

2007-04-03T05:50:15Z

some rearrangement

Jarogers2001: /* Contents of KREEP and brief list of applications */ added info for scandium and yttrium

2007-03-21T07:23:51Z

Contents of KREEP and brief list of applications: added info for scandium and yttrium

Cfrjlr: /* External Links */ categs

2007-03-13T12:44:51Z

External Links: categs

Jarogers2001: /* Origins and Distribution */ added some links

2007-03-13T03:15:33Z

Origins and Distribution: added some links

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 *[[Potassium]] - can be used industrially for doping basalt (see sodium).  Agriculturally it is an important component of some fertilizers. (most notably [[potassium phosphate]])
 *[[Phosphorus]] - Also an important component in some agricultural fertilizers (most notably [[potassium phosphate]])
-*[[Chlorine]] - useful for making [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid hypochlorous acid] used in water purification.
+*[[Chlorine]] - useful for making [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid hypochlorous acid] used in water purification; and silicon tetrachloride which is an intermediary on the path to high purity silicon for solar cells.
 *[[Zirconium]] - uses: a refractory material, in nuclear reactors, piping for corrosive chemicals, hip and knee replacement, jewelry (cubic zirconia)
 *[[Thorium]] - Useful as a fuel in some nuclear reactors, as well as an ingredient in some super alloys

@@ Line 65: / Line 65: @@
 ==Related Articles==
 *[[Rare Earth Elements]]
 ==External Links==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<br/>Some of the following information may be taken from outdated sources and may be incorrect or incomplete.  You can help ''Lunarpedia'' by correcting it<br/><br/>
+{{Expand}}
 KREEP is an acronym used in geochemistry to represent a mixture of K-[[potassium]], REE-[[rare earth elements]], and P-[[phosphorus]].  It is not only the main source of these elements on the moon, but also many other trace elements such as [[uranium]], [[thorium]], [[fluorine]], [[chlorine]], and [[zirconium]].
@@ Line 18: / Line 20: @@
 ==Applications==
 It is considered a convenient tracer for researchers seeking to chronicle the volcanic history of the lunar surface, as well as impacts of celestial bodies.
@@ Line 28: / Line 31: @@
 ====Contents of KREEP and brief list of applications====
+{{expandsec}}
 *[[Fluorine]] - useful in [[fluorine reaction]] of [[regolith]] to produce [[oxygen]]
 *[[Sodium]] - industrially can be used to dope mare basalt in order to lower its melting point far enough so that it can be used as a glass matrix for glass fibers made from highland [[regolith]] with a higher melting point.

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:12, 3 April 2007
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−	~~{{Stub}}~~<br/>Some of the following information may be taken from outdated sources and may be incorrect or incomplete. You can help ''Lunarpedia'' by correcting it<br/><br/>	+	<br/>Some of the following information may be taken from outdated sources and may be incorrect or incomplete. You can help ''Lunarpedia'' by correcting it<br/><br/>
	KREEP is an acronym used in geochemistry to represent a mixture of K-[[potassium]], REE-[[rare earth elements]], and P-[[phosphorus]]. It is not only the main source of these elements on the moon, but also many other trace elements such as [[uranium]], [[thorium]], [[fluorine]], [[chlorine]], and [[zirconium]].		KREEP is an acronym used in geochemistry to represent a mixture of K-[[potassium]], REE-[[rare earth elements]], and P-[[phosphorus]]. It is not only the main source of these elements on the moon, but also many other trace elements such as [[uranium]], [[thorium]], [[fluorine]], [[chlorine]], and [[zirconium]].

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:41, 3 April 2007
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	KREEP is a composite of what scientists term "incompatible elements": elements which cannot fit easily into the crystal structures formed by cooling magma and tend to separate out into the remaining liquid phase. This resulted in a KREEP rich magma sandwiched between the floating [[anorthosite\|anorthositic]] [[plagioclase]] of the lunar crust and the precipitating minerals, such as [[olivine]], that formed the mantle. Although it was common belief that this process would form an evenly distributed global layer of KREEP magma, the [[Gamma Ray Spectrometer]] aboard [[Lunar Prospector]] shows that KREEP is mainly concentrated in the area of [[Oceanus Procellarum]] and [[Mare Imbrium]]. This unusual geological region is now referred to as the [[Procellarum KREEP Terrane]]. Deep penetrating impact basins away from this region show only modest or no KREEP concentrations in their ejecta and rims.		KREEP is a composite of what scientists term "incompatible elements": elements which cannot fit easily into the crystal structures formed by cooling magma and tend to separate out into the remaining liquid phase. This resulted in a KREEP rich magma sandwiched between the floating [[anorthosite\|anorthositic]] [[plagioclase]] of the lunar crust and the precipitating minerals, such as [[olivine]], that formed the mantle. Although it was common belief that this process would form an evenly distributed global layer of KREEP magma, the [[Gamma Ray Spectrometer]] aboard [[Lunar Prospector]] shows that KREEP is mainly concentrated in the area of [[Oceanus Procellarum]] and [[Mare Imbrium]]. This unusual geological region is now referred to as the [[Procellarum KREEP Terrane]]. Deep penetrating impact basins away from this region show only modest or no KREEP concentrations in their ejecta and rims.
		+
		+	[[image:TerranesTh.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Thorium Distribution on the Moon. Note the high concentrations around the Procellarum KREEP Terrane. Thorium is a tracer for KREEP deposits. Click Image to Enlarge.]]

	KREEP is kicked up in the ejecta or "splash out" produced in impacts taking place on or in close proximity to [[basalt\|basaltic]] lava flows, as well as in major impacts which penetrate the crust. Some of this splash out was brought back by the [[Apollo 15]] mission in fragments generally smaller than 1cm. These samples are believed to have originated after the impact which formed the Imbrium basin[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v336/n6201/abs/336751a0.html].		KREEP is kicked up in the ejecta or "splash out" produced in impacts taking place on or in close proximity to [[basalt\|basaltic]] lava flows, as well as in major impacts which penetrate the crust. Some of this splash out was brought back by the [[Apollo 15]] mission in fragments generally smaller than 1cm. These samples are believed to have originated after the impact which formed the Imbrium basin[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v336/n6201/abs/336751a0.html].

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Stub}}<br/>Some of the following information may be taken from outdated sources and may be incorrect or incomplete.  You can help ''Lunarpedia'' by correcting it<br/><br/>
 KREEP is an acronym used in geochemistry to represent a mixture of K-[[potassium]], REE-[[rare earth elements]], and P-[[phosphorus]].  It is not only the main source of these elements on the moon, but also many other trace elements such as [[uranium]], [[thorium]], [[fluorine]], [[chlorine]], and [[zirconium]].
 ==Origins and Distribution==
 It is believed that approximately 4.5 billion years ago the earth suffered a cataclysmic collision with another solar body roughly the size of Mars.  The disk of debris from this collision accreted over time to form a moon very different from the one we know today.  The process was a violent one, resulting in an ocean of magma covering the entire lunar surface.  Through the cooling of this ocean of magma KREEP was isolated from other lunar minerals, as explained below.
 KREEP is a composite of what scientists term "incompatible elements": elements which cannot fit easily into the crystal structures formed by cooling magma and tend to separate out into the remaining liquid phase. This resulted in a KREEP rich magma sandwiched between the floating [[anorthosite|anorthositic]] [[plagioclase]] of the lunar crust and the precipitating minerals, such as [[olivine]], that formed the mantle.  Although it was common belief that this process would form an evenly distributed global layer of KREEP magma, the [[Gamma Ray Spectrometer]] aboard [[Lunar Prospector]] shows that KREEP is mainly concentrated in the area of [[Oceanus Procellarum]] and [[Mare Imbrium]].  This unusual geological region is now referred to as the [[Procellarum KREEP Terrane]].  Deep penetrating impact basins away from this region show only modest or no KREEP concentrations in their ejecta and rims.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Stub}}<br/>Some of the following information may be taken from outdated sources and may be incorrect.  You can help ''Lunarpedia'' by correcting it<br/><br/>
+{{Stub}}<br/>Some of the following information may be taken from outdated sources and may be incorrect or incomplete.  You can help ''Lunarpedia'' by correcting it<br/><br/>
 KREEP is an acronym used in geochemistry to represent a mixture of K-[[potassium]], REE-[[rare earth elements]], and P-[[phosphorus]].  It is not only the main source of these elements on the moon, but also many other trace elements such as [[uranium]], [[thorium]], [[fluorine]], [[chlorine]], and [[zirconium]].
 ==Applications==
@@ Line 44: / Line 51: @@
 *[[]]
 *[[]]-->
 ==Related Articles==
@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 *[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v336/n6201/abs/336751a0.html Quenching and disruption of lunar KREEP lava flows by impacts]
 *[http://66.225.140.1/minsci/future/geomoon.htm Mining in Manitoba: Lunar Geology]
-*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KREEP Wikipedia]
+*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KREEP Wikipedia KREEP]
 *[http://www.asi.org/adb/06/09/03/02/089/lunar-prospector.html Artemis Data Book: Lunar Prospector]

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 *[[Uranium]] - A nuclear power source
 Rare Earth Elements - see [[Rare Earth Elements|related article]]
-*[[Scandium]]
+*[[Scandium]] - Used as a strengthening agent and thermal stabilizer in [[aluminum]] alloys.
-*[[Yttrium]]
+*[[Yttrium]] - used in microwave filters (radar), acoustic transmitters/transducers, infrared lasers, white LEDs, superconductors, glass (camera lenses), ceramics (fireproof bricks), many metal alloys (strengthener and deoxidizer).
-*[[Lanthanum]]
+*[[Lanthanum]] -
 *[[Cerium]]
 *[[Praseodymium]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:44, 13 March 2007
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	[[Category:Selenology]]		[[Category:Selenology]]
		+	[[Category:Mining]]
		+	[[Category:Chemistry]]
		+	[[Category:ISRU]]
		+	[[Category:Solids]]

@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 It is believed that approximately 4.5 billion years ago the earth suffered a cataclysmic collision with another solar body roughly the size of Mars.  The disk of debris from this collision accreted over time to form a moon very different from the one we know today.  The process was a violent one, resulting in an ocean of magma covering the entire lunar surface.  Through the cooling of this ocean of magma KREEP was isolated from other lunar minerals, as explained below.
-KREEP is a composite of what scientists term "incompatible elements": elements which cannot fit into the crystal structures formed by cooling magma. This resulted in a KREEP rich magma sandwiched between the floating anorthositic plagioclase of the lunar crust and the precipitating minerals that formed the mantle.  Although it was common belief that this process would form an evenly distributed global layer of KREEP magma, the [[Gamma Ray Spectrometer]] aboard [[Lunar Prospector]] shows that KREEP is mainly concentrated in the area of [[Oceanus Procellarum]] and [[Mare Imbrium]].  This unusual geological region is now referred to as the [[Procellarum KREEP Terrane]].  Deep penetrating impact basins away from this region show only modest or no KREEP concentrations in their ejecta and rims.
+KREEP is a composite of what scientists term "incompatible elements": elements which cannot fit into the crystal structures formed by cooling magma. This resulted in a KREEP rich magma sandwiched between the floating [[anorthosite|anorthositic]] [[plagioclase]] of the lunar crust and the precipitating minerals, such as [[olivine]], that formed the mantle.  Although it was common belief that this process would form an evenly distributed global layer of KREEP magma, the [[Gamma Ray Spectrometer]] aboard [[Lunar Prospector]] shows that KREEP is mainly concentrated in the area of [[Oceanus Procellarum]] and [[Mare Imbrium]].  This unusual geological region is now referred to as the [[Procellarum KREEP Terrane]].  Deep penetrating impact basins away from this region show only modest or no KREEP concentrations in their ejecta and rims.
-KREEP is kicked up in the ejecta or "splash out" produced in impacts taking place on or in close proximity to basaltic lava flows, as well as in major impacts which penetrate the crust.  Some of this splash out was brought back by the [[Apollo 15]] mission in fragments generally smaller than 1cm.  These samples are believed to have originated after the impact which formed the Imbrium basin[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v336/n6201/abs/336751a0.html].
+KREEP is kicked up in the ejecta or "splash out" produced in impacts taking place on or in close proximity to [[basalt|basaltic]] lava flows, as well as in major impacts which penetrate the crust.  Some of this splash out was brought back by the [[Apollo 15]] mission in fragments generally smaller than 1cm.  These samples are believed to have originated after the impact which formed the Imbrium basin[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v336/n6201/abs/336751a0.html].
 ==Related Articles==