Lava Tubes - Revision history

BenLH: Put the page into the Lunar Science template. Added Resource links

2020-09-02T12:49:33Z

Put the page into the Lunar Science template. Added Resource links

Farred: spelling

2013-08-08T21:13:31Z

spelling

Farred: Undo revision 17030 by 92.96.248.84 (talk) and show references

2012-01-12T19:04:19Z

Undo revision 17030 by 92.96.248.84 (talk) and show references

92.96.248.84: /* Shielding */

2012-01-12T18:49:35Z

Shielding

207.224.72.26: Undo revision 16605 by 213.82.188.178 (talk)

2011-09-17T19:43:47Z

Undo revision 16605 by 213.82.188.178 (talk)

213.82.188.178: /* Benefits */

2011-09-17T19:21:40Z

Benefits

Miros1: /* Shielding */

2008-10-27T01:18:28Z

Shielding

Miros1: /* Size */

2008-10-27T01:16:25Z

Size

Miros1: Made references into foot notes; fixed a few grammar errors and typos.

2008-10-27T01:13:55Z

Made references into foot notes; fixed a few grammar errors and typos.

Cfrjlr: Category:Civil Engineering

2008-01-13T15:26:05Z

Category:Civil Engineering

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Lava tubes are good candidates for habitats on the [[Moon]] because they are ready made structures with dozens of meters of solid [[basalt]] [[shielding]]. In addition to [[radiation shielding]], these environments are also thermally stable (estimated temperature -20° Celsius / -4° Fahrenheit). Lightweight, compact inflatables can be used at first to provide habitable space. Eventually, It should be possible to seal cracks in the lava tube walls to provide an airtight, shirt-sleeve environment. Some lunar lava tubes may be large enough to contain small cities. Living in a lava tube provides many advantages.
-==Benefits==
+== '''Core Data''' ==
-==Size==
+=== Lava tube advantages ===
-A 1969 paper by Oberbeck, Quaide, and Greeley, taking into account only the Moon's lighter [[gravity]], and not the stronger nature of lunar [[anhydrous]] glass,<ref>Blacic, J.D., "Mechanical Properties of Lunar Materials Under Anhydrous, Hard Vacuum Conditions: Applications of Lunar Glass Structural Components", in '''''Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century''''', W.W. Mendell, ed., Houston, [[Lunar and Planetary Institute]], p. 487, 1985.</ref> calculated lunar lava tubes could reach 340 meters in span (lengths could go to kilometers).<ref>Oberbeck, V.R., W.L. Quaide and R.G. Greeley, "On the Origin of Lunar Sinuous Rilles", '''''Modern Geology''''', v. 1, p. 75, 1969.</ref> There are some indications in Coombs and Hawke's work (see "Locations" below) that some lava tubes may be much larger.
-==Locations==
+=== Locations ===
 For her doctoral thesis under advisor B. Ray Hawke at the University of Hawaii, Cassandra Coombs scoured [[Lunar Orbiter]] photographs to identify a number of likely sites for lunar lava tubes. Due to the limiting resolution of the images, only the largest candidates could be identified. It is likely there are many smaller lava tubes in the identified areas and elsewhere. Smaller, but still large by human scale.<ref>Coombs, C.R., and B.R. Hawke, "A Search for Intact Lava Tubes on the Moon: Possible Lunar Base Habitats", in '''''The Second Conference on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century''''', W.W. Mendell, ed., NASA CP-3166, v. 1, p. 219, 1992.</ref>
-==Shielding==
+=== Size ===
 An analysis of lava tube shielding from [[Solar Proton Events]], [[Galactic Cosmic Rays]], etc., has been done by De Angelis ''et al''. When it comes to shielding, a little may be worse than nothing, because primary particles can interact with shielding material to produce a spray of secondary particles. Additional shielding is necessary to protect against these daughter particles. Findings by De Angelis ''et al.'' are that one meter of shielding is sufficient against [[Solar Proton Events]], but powerful [[Galactic Cosmic Rays]] need roughly six meters for effective shielding. Their analysis took into account that the upper five meters is regolith. The findings were, "The radiation safety of lunar lava tubes environments has been demonstrated." <ref>Giovanni De Angelis, J.W. Wilson, M.S. Clowdsley, J.E. Nealy, D. Humes, and J. M. Clem: “Lunar Lava Tube Radiation Safety Analysis”. '''''Journal of Radiation Research''''', Vol. 43, S41-S45 (2002) [http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jrr/43/S/43_S41/_article/-char/en]</ref>
-==Habitat==
+=== Habitat ===
 As early as 1957, the prescient Robert A. Heinlein described people living and working in giant volcanic voids in the Moon (although they were large bubbles rather than lava tubes). In the 1976 second edition of '''''Depths of the Earth''''', speleologist William R. Halliday suggests large lava tube caves may exist on the Moon and Mars, and "mankind may look to these. . .caves for ultimate survival." NASA "experimental planetologist" Friedrich Hörz finally put it all together in his 1985 paper, "Lava Tubes: Potential Shelters for Habitats". Oregon L5 Society expanded on this work, holding analog exercises in lava tube caves with Young Astronauts and filling-in research topics such as "Lavatube Entrance Amelioration on the Moon and Mars" and "Moon Lighting: Illumination for Lunar Base Construction and Operations". Their multi-year effort to publicize and bring the lava tube option to the attention of NASA and space development enthusiasts in general has been effective.<ref>Heinlein, Robert A., "The Menace from Earth", in collection '''''The Menace From Earth''''', Signet, pp. 92-115, 1962 (orig. story copyright ©1957).</ref><ref>Halliday, William R., M.D., '''''Depths of the Earth''''', Revised and Enlarged Edition, Harper & Row, pp. 377-397, 1976.</ref>
 [[Oregon L5 Society]] papers can be found at http://www.OregonL5.org/
-−
-==References==
+== '''Expanded Data (all the data we can find)''' ==
 <references/>
+== '''Analysis/Conclusions''' ==
 [[Category:Urban Planning]]
 [[Category:Selenology]]
 [[Category:Settlement]]
 [[Category:Civil Engineering]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Lavatubes are good candidates for habitats on the [[Moon]] because they are ready made structures with dozens of meters of solid [[basalt]] [[shielding]]. In addition to [[radiation shielding]], these environments are also thermally stable (estimated temperature -20° Celsius / -4° Fahrenheit). Lightweight, compact inflatables can be used at first to provide habitable space. Eventually, It should be possible to seal cracks in the lavatube walls to provide an airtight, shirt-sleeve environment. Some lunar lavatubes may be large enough to contain small cities. Living in a lavatube provides many advantages.
+Lava tubes are good candidates for habitats on the [[Moon]] because they are ready made structures with dozens of meters of solid [[basalt]] [[shielding]]. In addition to [[radiation shielding]], these environments are also thermally stable (estimated temperature -20° Celsius / -4° Fahrenheit). Lightweight, compact inflatables can be used at first to provide habitable space. Eventually, It should be possible to seal cracks in the lava tube walls to provide an airtight, shirt-sleeve environment. Some lunar lava tubes may be large enough to contain small cities. Living in a lava tube provides many advantages.
 ==Benefits==
-* There is substantual shielding due to having several meters of solid basalt between you and the outside.  This is good against [[micrometerorites]] and radiation.
+* There is substantial shielding due to having several meters of solid basalt between you and the outside.  This is good against [[micrometeorites]] and radiation.
 * There is heat insulation because you are underground.
 <!--
@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ==Size==
-A 1969 paper by Oberbeck, Quaide, and Greeley, taking into account only the Moon's lighter [[gravity]], and not the stronger nature of lunar [[anhydrous]] glass,<ref>Blacic, J.D., "Mechanical Properties of Lunar Materials Under Anhydrous, Hard Vacuum Conditions: Applications of Lunar Glass Structural Components", in '''''Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century''''', W.W. Mendell, ed., Houston, [[Lunar and Planetary Institute]], p. 487, 1985.</ref> calculated lunar lavatubes could reach 340 meters in span (lengths could go to kilometers).<ref>Oberbeck, V.R., W.L. Quaide and R.G. Greeley, "On the Origin of Lunar Sinuous Rilles", '''''Modern Geology''''', v. 1, p. 75, 1969.</ref> There are some indications in Coombs and Hawke's work (see "Locations" below) that some lavatubes may be much larger.
+A 1969 paper by Oberbeck, Quaide, and Greeley, taking into account only the Moon's lighter [[gravity]], and not the stronger nature of lunar [[anhydrous]] glass,<ref>Blacic, J.D., "Mechanical Properties of Lunar Materials Under Anhydrous, Hard Vacuum Conditions: Applications of Lunar Glass Structural Components", in '''''Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century''''', W.W. Mendell, ed., Houston, [[Lunar and Planetary Institute]], p. 487, 1985.</ref> calculated lunar lava tubes could reach 340 meters in span (lengths could go to kilometers).<ref>Oberbeck, V.R., W.L. Quaide and R.G. Greeley, "On the Origin of Lunar Sinuous Rilles", '''''Modern Geology''''', v. 1, p. 75, 1969.</ref> There are some indications in Coombs and Hawke's work (see "Locations" below) that some lava tubes may be much larger.
 ==Locations==
-For her doctoral thesis under advisor B. Ray Hawke at the University of Hawaii, Cassandra Coombs scoured [[Lunar Orbiter]] photographs to identify a number of likely sites for lunar lavatubes. Due to the limiting resolution of the images, only the largest candidates could be identified. It is likely there are many smaller lavatubes in the identified areas and elsewhere. Smaller, but still large by human scale.<ref>Coombs, C.R., and B.R. Hawke, "A Search for Intact Lava Tubes on the Moon: Possible Lunar Base Habitats", in '''''The Second Conference on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century''''', W.W. Mendell, ed., NASA CP-3166, v. 1, p. 219, 1992.</ref>
+For her doctoral thesis under advisor B. Ray Hawke at the University of Hawaii, Cassandra Coombs scoured [[Lunar Orbiter]] photographs to identify a number of likely sites for lunar lava tubes. Due to the limiting resolution of the images, only the largest candidates could be identified. It is likely there are many smaller lava tubes in the identified areas and elsewhere. Smaller, but still large by human scale.<ref>Coombs, C.R., and B.R. Hawke, "A Search for Intact Lava Tubes on the Moon: Possible Lunar Base Habitats", in '''''The Second Conference on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century''''', W.W. Mendell, ed., NASA CP-3166, v. 1, p. 219, 1992.</ref>
 ==Shielding==
-An analysis of lavatube shielding from [[Solar Proton Events]], [[Galactic Cosmic Rays]], etc., has been done by De Angelis ''et al''. When it comes to shielding, a little may be worse than nothing, because primary particles can interact with shielding material to produce a spray of secondary particles. Additional shielding is necessary to protect against these daughter particles. Findings by De Angelis ''et al.'' are that one meter of shielding is sufficient against [[Solar Proton Events]], but powerful [[Galactic Cosmic Rays]] need roughly six meters for effective shielding. Their analysis took into account that the upper five meters is regolith. The findings were, "The radiation safety of lunar lava tubes environments has been demonstrated." <ref>Giovanni De Angelis, J.W. Wilson, M.S. Clowdsley, J.E. Nealy, D. Humes, and J. M. Clem: “Lunar Lava Tube Radiation Safety Analysis”. '''''Journal of Radiation Research''''', Vol. 43, S41-S45 (2002) [http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jrr/43/S/43_S41/_article/-char/en]</ref>
+An analysis of lava tube shielding from [[Solar Proton Events]], [[Galactic Cosmic Rays]], etc., has been done by De Angelis ''et al''. When it comes to shielding, a little may be worse than nothing, because primary particles can interact with shielding material to produce a spray of secondary particles. Additional shielding is necessary to protect against these daughter particles. Findings by De Angelis ''et al.'' are that one meter of shielding is sufficient against [[Solar Proton Events]], but powerful [[Galactic Cosmic Rays]] need roughly six meters for effective shielding. Their analysis took into account that the upper five meters is regolith. The findings were, "The radiation safety of lunar lava tubes environments has been demonstrated." <ref>Giovanni De Angelis, J.W. Wilson, M.S. Clowdsley, J.E. Nealy, D. Humes, and J. M. Clem: “Lunar Lava Tube Radiation Safety Analysis”. '''''Journal of Radiation Research''''', Vol. 43, S41-S45 (2002) [http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jrr/43/S/43_S41/_article/-char/en]</ref>
 ==Habitat==
-As early as 1957, the prescient Robert A. Heinlein described people living and working in giant volcanic voids in the Moon (although they were large bubbles rather than lavatubes). In the 1976 second edition of '''''Depths of the Earth''''', speleologist William R. Halliday suggests large lavatube caves may exist on the Moon and Mars, and "mankind may look to these. . .caves for ultimate survival." NASA "experimental planetologist" Friedrich Hörz finally put it all together in his 1985 paper, "Lava Tubes: Potential Shelters for Habitats". Oregon L5 Society expanded on this work, holding analog exercises in lavatube caves with Young Astronauts and filling-in research topics such as "Lavatube Entrance Amelioration on the Moon and Mars" and "Moon Lighting: Illumination for Lunar Base Construction and Operations". Their multi-year effort to publicize and bring the lavatube option to the attention of NASA and space development enthusiasts in general has been effective.<ref>Heinlein, Robert A., "The Menace from Earth", in collection '''''The Menace From Earth''''', Signet, pp. 92-115, 1962 (orig. story copyright ©1957).</ref><ref>Halliday, William R., M.D., '''''Depths of the Earth''''', Revised and Enlarged Edition, Harper & Row, pp. 377-397, 1976.</ref>
+As early as 1957, the prescient Robert A. Heinlein described people living and working in giant volcanic voids in the Moon (although they were large bubbles rather than lava tubes). In the 1976 second edition of '''''Depths of the Earth''''', speleologist William R. Halliday suggests large lava tube caves may exist on the Moon and Mars, and "mankind may look to these. . .caves for ultimate survival." NASA "experimental planetologist" Friedrich Hörz finally put it all together in his 1985 paper, "Lava Tubes: Potential Shelters for Habitats". Oregon L5 Society expanded on this work, holding analog exercises in lava tube caves with Young Astronauts and filling-in research topics such as "Lavatube Entrance Amelioration on the Moon and Mars" and "Moon Lighting: Illumination for Lunar Base Construction and Operations". Their multi-year effort to publicize and bring the lava tube option to the attention of NASA and space development enthusiasts in general has been effective.<ref>Heinlein, Robert A., "The Menace from Earth", in collection '''''The Menace From Earth''''', Signet, pp. 92-115, 1962 (orig. story copyright ©1957).</ref><ref>Halliday, William R., M.D., '''''Depths of the Earth''''', Revised and Enlarged Edition, Harper & Row, pp. 377-397, 1976.</ref>
 [[Oregon L5 Society]] papers can be found at http://www.OregonL5.org/

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 For her doctoral thesis under advisor B. Ray Hawke at the University of Hawaii, Cassandra Coombs scoured [[Lunar Orbiter]] photographs to identify a number of likely sites for lunar lavatubes. Due to the limiting resolution of the images, only the largest candidates could be identified. It is likely there are many smaller lavatubes in the identified areas and elsewhere. Smaller, but still large by human scale.<ref>Coombs, C.R., and B.R. Hawke, "A Search for Intact Lava Tubes on the Moon: Possible Lunar Base Habitats", in '''''The Second Conference on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century''''', W.W. Mendell, ed., NASA CP-3166, v. 1, p. 219, 1992.</ref>
-A piece of eurdition unlike any other!
+==Shielding==
 ==Habitat==
@@ Line 21: / Line 22: @@
 [[Oregon L5 Society]] papers can be found at http://www.OregonL5.org/
-−
+==References==
 [[Category:Urban Planning]]
 [[Category:Selenology]]
 [[Category:Settlement]]
 [[Category:Civil Engineering]]

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 For her doctoral thesis under advisor B. Ray Hawke at the University of Hawaii, Cassandra Coombs scoured [[Lunar Orbiter]] photographs to identify a number of likely sites for lunar lavatubes. Due to the limiting resolution of the images, only the largest candidates could be identified. It is likely there are many smaller lavatubes in the identified areas and elsewhere. Smaller, but still large by human scale.<ref>Coombs, C.R., and B.R. Hawke, "A Search for Intact Lava Tubes on the Moon: Possible Lunar Base Habitats", in '''''The Second Conference on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century''''', W.W. Mendell, ed., NASA CP-3166, v. 1, p. 219, 1992.</ref>
-==Shielding==
+A piece of eurdition unlike any other!
 ==Habitat==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Lavatubes are good candidates for habitats on the [[Moon]] because they are ready made structures with dozens of meters of solid [[basalt]] [[shielding]]. In addition to [[radiation shielding]], these environments are also thermally stable (estimated temperature -20° Celsius / -4° Fahrenheit). Lightweight, compact inflatables can be used at first to provide habitable space. Eventually, It should be possible to seal cracks in the lavatube walls to provide an airtight, shirt-sleeve environment. Some lunar lavatubes may be large enough to contain small cities. Living in a lavatube provides many advantages.
-Never would have thunk I would find this so indipsenaslbe.
+==Benefits==
 ==Size==

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:26, 13 January 2008
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	[[Category:Selenology]]		[[Category:Selenology]]
	[[Category:Settlement]]		[[Category:Settlement]]
		+	[[Category:Civil Engineering]]