Difference between revisions of "Sulfur"
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phase=Solid | | phase=Solid | | ||
series=Non-metals | | series=Non-metals | | ||
| − | density=(alpha) 2.07 g/cm3(beta) 1.96 g/cm3(gamma) 1.92 g/cm3 | | + | density=(alpha) 2.07 g/cm3<BR/> |
| + | (beta) 1.96 g/cm3<BR/> | ||
| + | (gamma) 1.92 g/cm3 | | ||
melts=388.36K,<BR/>115.21°C,<BR/>239.38°F | | melts=388.36K,<BR/>115.21°C,<BR/>239.38°F | | ||
boils=717.8K,<BR/>444.6°C,<BR/>832.3°F | | boils=717.8K,<BR/>444.6°C,<BR/>832.3°F | | ||
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'''Sulfur''' is a Non-metal in group 16. | '''Sulfur''' is a Non-metal in group 16. | ||
It has a Orthorhombic crystalline structure. | It has a Orthorhombic crystalline structure. | ||
| − | This element has 4 stable isotopes: 32, 33, 34, and 36. | + | This element has 4 stable isotopes: 32, 33, 34, and 36. |
<BR/><BR/> | <BR/><BR/> | ||
| + | Sulfur is availible in lunar soil in significant quantities, principally in the form of troilite ([[Iron|Fe]]S), comprising around 1% of the lunar crust<ref name="wikisulfur">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troilite Troilite on Wikipedia]</ref>. In addition, concentrated veins of troilite have been found in some lunar rocks, and it has been suggested that larger deposits of the mineral may exist<ref>I. Casanova. [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc97/pdf/1483.PDF Feasibility and Applications of Sulfur Concrete for Lunar Base Development: A Preliminary Study.] Lunar and Planetary Science XXVIII</ref>. | ||
| + | Troilite is non-magnetic when its crystal structure is complete. However, it is commonly associated with native iron in the lunar regolith. As such, [[Iron Beneficiation|magnetic gathering of iron fines]] could produce a significant amount of troilite as a byproduct. Troilite may also be separable from the lunar regolith by a combination of mechanical sifting and electrostatic beneficiation. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Several uses have been proposed for lunar sulfur, including [[In-Situ Propellant Production|rocket propellant]], production of sulfuric acid for industrial processes, lunar concrete, and sealants<ref>[http://www.nss.org/settlement/moon/library/LB2-509-UsesOfLunarSulfur.pdf V. T. Vaniman, D. R. Pettit, G. Heiken. "Uses of Lunar Sulfur" Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1988]</ref>. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == References == | ||
| + | <references/> | ||
| − | |||
[[Category:Solids]] | [[Category:Solids]] | ||
[[Category:Non-metals ]] | [[Category:Non-metals ]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 11:07, 22 September 2011
| Sulfur | |
|---|---|
| S | |
| In situ availability: | good |
| Necessity: | |
| Atomic number: | 16 |
| Atomic mass: | 32.066 |
| group: | 16 |
| period: | 3 |
| normal phase: | Solid |
| series: | Non-metals |
| density: | (alpha) 2.07 g/cm3 (beta) 1.96 g/cm3 |
| melting point: | 388.36K, 115.21°C, 239.38°F |
| boiling point: | 717.8K, 444.6°C, 832.3°F |
| N ← O → F | |
| P ← S → Cl | |
| As ← Se → Br | |
| Atomic radius (pm): | 100 |
| Bohr radius (pm): | 88 |
| Covalent radius (pm): | 102 |
| Van der Waals radius (pm): | 180 |
| ionic radius (pm): | (-2) 184 |
| 1st ion potential (eV): | 10.36 |
| Electron Configuration | |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 | |
| Electrons Per Shell | |
| 2, 8, 6 | |
| Electronegativity: | 2.58 |
| Electron Affinity: | 2.08 |
| Oxidation states: | +/-2, 4, 6 |
| Magnetism: | ? |
| Crystal structure: | Orthorhombic |
Sulfur is a Non-metal in group 16.
It has a Orthorhombic crystalline structure.
This element has 4 stable isotopes: 32, 33, 34, and 36.
Sulfur is availible in lunar soil in significant quantities, principally in the form of troilite (FeS), comprising around 1% of the lunar crust[1]. In addition, concentrated veins of troilite have been found in some lunar rocks, and it has been suggested that larger deposits of the mineral may exist[2].
Troilite is non-magnetic when its crystal structure is complete. However, it is commonly associated with native iron in the lunar regolith. As such, magnetic gathering of iron fines could produce a significant amount of troilite as a byproduct. Troilite may also be separable from the lunar regolith by a combination of mechanical sifting and electrostatic beneficiation.
Several uses have been proposed for lunar sulfur, including rocket propellant, production of sulfuric acid for industrial processes, lunar concrete, and sealants[3].
References
