Difference between revisions of "List of Offworld Medical Risks"

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This is a list of articles covering dangers to our people and mission.
 
This is a list of articles covering dangers to our people and mission.
  
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The lists of hazards and categories below is similar to those used by NASA and the DOD in Systems Safety Analysis.
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The lists of [[hazard]]s and categories below is similar to those used by [[NASA]] and the [[DOD]] in [[Systems Safety]] Analysis.  
  
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==Physchological==
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This field can be difficult and confusing, and it helps to have some clear definitions.
  
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*[[Agoraphobia]]
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e.g.
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*[[Claustrophobia]]
+
 
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*[[Depression]]
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*[[Mishap]]: an unintended condition or event which can result in illness, death, partial or total disability, and/or injury. An [[accident]] is an example of a mishap, so are [[infection]]s, or chronic exposure to toxic agents.
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*[[Circadian Rhythm Dysfunction]]
+
 
 +
*[[Hazard]]: the finite possibility (non-zero probability) of a [[Mishap]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Risk]]: there are a couple of different definitions of risk. A colloquial definition is the probability of a hazard, which is not quite the same thing as a hazard by itself
 +
 
 +
*[[Risk level]]: in NASA/military parlance, a "risk Level" is a combination of the Severity of a mishap/hazard, combined with the Probability of mishap/hazard.
 +
 
 +
Typical usage of "Risk Level" can be as follows:
 +
 
 +
{| width=75%
 +
| width=11% | '''Severity '''
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| width=11% | '''Probability'''
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| width=66% | '''Comment '''
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|-
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| colspan="3" height="0" style="border:solid #BFBFBF 1px" |
 +
|-
 +
| [[High]] || [[High]]|| Unacceptable or emergency situation needing immediate attention ||
 +
|-
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| [[Low]] || [[High]] || Perhaps acceptable to deal with via precautions, e.g. protective equipment and training ||
 +
|-
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| [[High]] || [[Low]] || Extensive verifiable Hazard controls required ||
 +
|-
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| [[Low]] || [[Low]] || Probably acceptable, might not need special precautions ||
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
 
 +
*Hazard Cause: There can be confusion between a hazard versus a hazard cause. For simplicity, it can be useful to consider a hazard as a final condition or undesirable event. A hazard cause is a precursor condition or triggering event which could result in a hazard. For example, electrical or mechanical component failures are hazard causes which can result in hazards such as collision or explosion.
 +
 
 +
*Hazard Control: a product feature, or procedural step, which tends to prevent a hazard. Such as an arming switch, or structural margin of safety.
 +
 
 +
==Psychological/Human Factors==
 +
 
 +
*[[Agoraphobia]]  
 +
*[[Claustrophobia]]  
 +
*[[Depression]]  
 +
*[[Circadian Rhythm Dysfunction]]  
 +
*[[Fatigue]] fatigue can result in operator error
 +
*[[Training]] operators need to be well trained in dangerous tasks
 +
*[[Information]] accurate and useful information must be displayed to operators in a timely manner to permit correct decisions
 +
*[[Procedures]] - checklists, operating manuals, help docs and procedures must be correct, complete, readable, comprehensible and anticipate unusual scenarios
  
 
==Physiological==  
 
==Physiological==  
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*[[Muscular Atrophy]]  
 
*[[Muscular Atrophy]]  
 
*[[Immune Deficiency]]  
 
*[[Immune Deficiency]]  
−
 
  
 
===Physical Environments===  
 
===Physical Environments===  
 
*[[Acoustic damage]]  
 
*[[Acoustic damage]]  
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*[[G Forces]]  
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*[[G Force]] - broken bones, blackout, high speed projectiles
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*[[Meteor Hazards]] -- Will a meteor puncture (decompress) your pressurized living space?  
+
*[[Confined Space]] a person trapped in a confined space can run out of air
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*[[Industrial Accidents]]  
+
*[[Meteor Hazard]] -- Will a meteor puncture (decompress) your pressurized living space?  
 +
*[[Industrial Accident]] (the list is endless)
 
*[[Roof Support]] -- Consider the problem of roof collapse.  
 
*[[Roof Support]] -- Consider the problem of roof collapse.  
 
*[[Collision]] vehicles, spacecraft  
 
*[[Collision]] vehicles, spacecraft  
−
*[[Suspended Loads]] -- e.g. cables fail resulting in large falling objects  
+
*[[Suspended Load]] -- e.g. cables fail resulting in large falling objects  
 
*[[Construction activity]] -- falling cranes, bulldozers crushing workers  
 
*[[Construction activity]] -- falling cranes, bulldozers crushing workers  
  
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*[[Telemedecine]]  
 
*[[Telemedecine]]  
 
*[[Lack of medical equipment]]  
 
*[[Lack of medical equipment]]  
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*[[Lack of drug]] e.g vaccines, antibiotics, treatments for various conditions  
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*[[Lack of drug]] e.g. vaccines, antibiotics, treatments for various conditions  
 
*[[Lack of medical expertise]]  
 
*[[Lack of medical expertise]]  
  
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*[[Oxygen]]  
 
*[[Oxygen]]  
 
*[[Oxidizer]]  
 
*[[Oxidizer]]  
−
 
  
 
===Toxins===  
 
===Toxins===  
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*[[Liquid Toxins]]  
 
*[[Liquid Toxins]]  
 
*[[Solid Toxins]]  
 
*[[Solid Toxins]]  
 +
*[[Carcinogens]]
  
 
===Corrosives===  
 
===Corrosives===  
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*[[Chemical burns]]  
 
*[[Chemical burns]]  
  
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===Temperature Problems===  
+
===Temperature Extremes===  
  
 
*[[Cold Burns]]  
 
*[[Cold Burns]]  
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*[[Frostbite]]  
 
*[[Frostbite]]  
 
*[[Heatstroke]]  
 
*[[Heatstroke]]  
−
 
  
 
===Non-Ionizing Radiation===  
 
===Non-Ionizing Radiation===  
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*[[Infrared]]  
 
*[[Infrared]]  
 
*[[Concentrated Sunlight]]  
 
*[[Concentrated Sunlight]]  
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===Ionizing Radiation===  
 
===Ionizing Radiation===  
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*[[Radiation Problem]] -- A discussion of radiation shielding requirements.  
 
*[[Radiation Problem]] -- A discussion of radiation shielding requirements.  
 
*[[Cancer]] induced by radiation or carcinogens  
 
*[[Cancer]] induced by radiation or carcinogens  
 +
*[[Radioactive Materials]]
 +
*[[Radioactive Particles]] - ions (ionized atoms), protons, neutrons, electrons and other high speed subatomic particles
 +
*[[Ionizing Photons]] - X-ray, Gamma-ray, Ultra-violet
 +
*[[Passive Sterilization]] -due to exposure to radiation
  
 
===Lack of Breathable Atmosphere===  
 
===Lack of Breathable Atmosphere===  
  
 
*[[Inhaling Lunar Dust]]  
 
*[[Inhaling Lunar Dust]]  
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*[[Dust]] -- Probably the greatest hazard to a lunar settlement
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*[[Dust]] - lunar dust represents pervasive and unusual problems
 
*[[Silicosis]] is a disease of the lungs caused by breathing very fine silica dust particles, such as [[lunar dust]]  
 
*[[Silicosis]] is a disease of the lungs caused by breathing very fine silica dust particles, such as [[lunar dust]]  
 
*[[Smoke inhalation]]  
 
*[[Smoke inhalation]]  
 
*[[Asphyxiation]] - e.g. from Nitrogen, Helium or other inert gases  
 
*[[Asphyxiation]] - e.g. from Nitrogen, Helium or other inert gases  
 
*[[Carbon Dioxide]]  
 
*[[Carbon Dioxide]]  
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*[[Hypoxia]]  
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*[[Hypoxia]]
−
 
 
  
 
===Inadequate Food/Water===  
 
===Inadequate Food/Water===  
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*[[Vitamin Deficit]]  
 
*[[Vitamin Deficit]]  
  
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===Pressure Problems===  
+
===Improper Pressure===  
  
 
*[[Burst eardrums]]  
 
*[[Burst eardrums]]  
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*[[Nitrogen Narcosis]]  
 
*[[Nitrogen Narcosis]]  
  
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[[Category:Hazards]]
+
 
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[[Category:Life Support]]
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{{hazards}}
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[[Category:Life Support (Air Supply)]]
+
 
−
[[Category:Life Support (Water Supply)]]
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[[Category:Hazards]]
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[[Category:Food]]
 
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[[Category:Life Support (Plumbing)]]
 
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[[Category:Life Support (Sanitation)]]
 
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[[Category:Life Support (Refuse Collection)]]
 
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[[Category:Life Support (Recycling)]]
 

Latest revision as of 18:03, 20 October 2013

This is a list of articles covering dangers to our people and mission.

The lists of hazards and categories below is similar to those used by NASA and the DOD in Systems Safety Analysis.

This field can be difficult and confusing, and it helps to have some clear definitions.

e.g.

  • Mishap: an unintended condition or event which can result in illness, death, partial or total disability, and/or injury. An accident is an example of a mishap, so are infections, or chronic exposure to toxic agents.
  • Hazard: the finite possibility (non-zero probability) of a Mishap
  • Risk: there are a couple of different definitions of risk. A colloquial definition is the probability of a hazard, which is not quite the same thing as a hazard by itself
  • Risk level: in NASA/military parlance, a "risk Level" is a combination of the Severity of a mishap/hazard, combined with the Probability of mishap/hazard.

Typical usage of "Risk Level" can be as follows:

Severity Probability Comment
High High Unacceptable or emergency situation needing immediate attention
Low High Perhaps acceptable to deal with via precautions, e.g. protective equipment and training
High Low Extensive verifiable Hazard controls required
Low Low Probably acceptable, might not need special precautions


  • Hazard Cause: There can be confusion between a hazard versus a hazard cause. For simplicity, it can be useful to consider a hazard as a final condition or undesirable event. A hazard cause is a precursor condition or triggering event which could result in a hazard. For example, electrical or mechanical component failures are hazard causes which can result in hazards such as collision or explosion.
  • Hazard Control: a product feature, or procedural step, which tends to prevent a hazard. Such as an arming switch, or structural margin of safety.

Psychological/Human Factors

Physiological

Zero or Low Gravity

Physical Environments

Medical Treatment

Fire/Explosion

Toxins

Corrosives

Temperature Extremes

Non-Ionizing Radiation

Ionizing Radiation

Lack of Breathable Atmosphere

Inadequate Food/Water

Improper Pressure


Hazards
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