Difference between revisions of "Oxygen"

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'''LUNOX''' is short for ''Lun''ar ''Ox''ygen, which is oxygen harvested from resources available on the moon.  Oxygen is a major requirement for sustaining any human presence on the lunar surface, useful both for life support and also as a major component of rocket fuel.  Lunar Oxygen production is one category of [[In Situ Resource Utilization]], or ''ISRU''.
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{{Element                                                                                          |
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==Oxygen==
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name=Oxygen                                                                                         |
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{|
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symbol=O                                                                                           |
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| Atomic symbol: || O ||
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available=abundant                                                                                  |
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|-
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need=critical                                                                                      |
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| Atomic number: || 8 ||
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number=8                                                                                           |
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|-
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mass=15.9994                                                                                        |
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| Group: || 16 ||
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group=16                                                                                           |
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|-
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period=2                                                                                            |
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| Period: || 2 ||
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phase=Gas                                                                                          |
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|-
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series=Non-metals                                                                                  |
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| Series: || Chalcogens ||
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density=1.429 g/L                                                                                  |
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|-
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melts=54.36K,<BR/>-218.79°C,<BR/>-361.82°F                                            |
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|}
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boils=0.20K,<BR/>-182.95°C,<BR/>-297.31°F                                            |
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<BR/>
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isotopes=16<BR/>17<BR/>18                                                              |
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==Methods of LUNOX Production==
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prior=[[Nitrogen|<FONT color="#7F7FFF">N</FONT>]]                             |
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Most of the methods of lunar oxygen production envision the [[reduction]] of lunar [[regolith]] or rocks to liberate oxygen, although another possible method of harvesting oxygen is to free small amounts of trapped gas from soil by heating.  Reduction methods include:
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next=[[Fluorine|<FONT color="#7F7FFF">F</FONT>]]                             |
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*Aluminum reduction
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above=<SMALL><FONT color="#7F7F7F">N/A</FONT></SMALL>            |
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*Carbothermal reduction
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aprior=<SMALL><FONT color="#7F7F7F">N/A</FONT></SMALL>            |
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*[[Fluorine reaction]]
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anext=<SMALL><FONT color="#7F7F7F">N/A</FONT></SMALL>            |
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*[[Ilmenite Reduction]]
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below=[[Sulfur|<FONT color="#7F7FFF">S</FONT>]]                               |
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*[[Magma electrolysis]]
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bprior=[[Phosphorus|<FONT color="#7F7FFF">P</FONT>]]                         |
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*Methane reduction
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bnext=[[Chlorine|<FONT color="#7F7FFF">Cl</FONT>]]                           |
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radius=60                                                                                          |
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bohr=48                                                                                            |
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covalent=73                                                                                        |
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vdwr=152                                                                                            |
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irad=(-2) 140                                                                                      |
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ipot=13.62                                                                                          |
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econfig=1s<sup>2</sup> <br/>2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>4</sup> |
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eshell=2, 6                                                                                        |
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enega=3.44                                                                                          |
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eaffin=1.46                                                                                        |
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oxstat=-2                                                                                          |
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magn=Paramagnetic                                                                                  |
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cryst=Cubic                                                                                        |
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}}
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'''Oxygen''' is a Non-metal in group 16.
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It has a Cubic crystalline structure.
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This element has 3 stable isotopes: 16, 17, and 18. 
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<BR/><BR/>
  
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In any Lunox production sequence, it is necessary that all reactants are returned to the initial state.
 
  
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==External Links==
 
  
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*[http://nss.org/settlement/nasa/spaceresvol3/plsoom1.htm lunar oxygen process sequence discussion from Knudson and Gibson (1989)] (note: a good summary of approaches, but somewhat out of date)
 
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*[http://www.moonminer.com/Moondust_index.html Lunar processing links from David Dietzler]
 
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*[http://www.magicdragon.com/ComputerFutures/SpacePublications/llox-footnoted.html LLOX automated production summary (1990)]
 
  
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<BR/><BR/><BR/>
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[[Category:Life Support (Air Supply)]]
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{{Autostub}}
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[[Category:Chemistry]]
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[[Category:Paramagnetic Elements]]
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{{Stub}}
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[[Category:Gasses]]
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[[Category:Backup]]
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[[Category:Non-metals]]
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[[Category:Critical and Essential Elements]]
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[[Category:Abundant Elements]]
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<!-- Generated by a gamma candidate version of Autostub2 (Test 9) -->

Revision as of 19:59, 11 February 2007

Oxygen
O
In situ availability: abundant
Necessity: critical
Atomic number: 8
Atomic mass: 15.9994
group: 16
period: 2
normal phase: Gas
series: Non-metals
density: 1.429 g/L
melting point: 54.36K,
-218.79°C,
-361.82°F
boiling point: 0.20K,
-182.95°C,
-297.31°F
N/A ← N/A → N/A
N ← O → F
P ← S → Cl
Atomic radius (pm): 60
Bohr radius (pm): 48
Covalent radius (pm): 73
Van der Waals radius (pm): 152
ionic radius (pm): (-2) 140
1st ion potential (eV): 13.62
Electron Configuration
1s2
2s2 2p4
Electrons Per Shell
2, 6
Electronegativity: 3.44
Electron Affinity: 1.46
Oxidation states: -2
Magnetism: Paramagnetic
Crystal structure: Cubic

Oxygen is a Non-metal in group 16. It has a Cubic crystalline structure. This element has 3 stable isotopes: 16, 17, and 18.




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