Oxygen

Oxygen
O
In situ availability:	abundant
Necessity:	critical
Atomic number:	8
Atomic mass:	15.9994
group:	16
period:	2
normal phase:	Gas
series:	Non-metals
density:	1.429 g/L
melting point:	54.36K, -218.79°C, -361.82°F
boiling point:	0.20K, -182.95°C, -297.31°F
N/A ← N/A → N/A
N ← O → F
P ← S → Cl
Atomic radius (pm):	60
Bohr radius (pm):	48
Covalent radius (pm):	73
Van der Waals radius (pm):	152
ionic radius (pm):	(-2) 140
1st ion potential (eV):	13.62
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p4
Electrons Per Shell
2, 6
Electronegativity:	3.44
Electron Affinity:	1.46
Oxidation states:	-2
Magnetism:	Paramagnetic
Crystal structure:	Cubic

Oxygen is a Non-metal in group 16. It has a Cubic crystalline structure. This element has 3 stable isotopes: 16, 17, and 18.

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Related Pages

• In Situ Resource Utilization

External Links

• lunar oxygen process sequence discussion from Knudson and Gibson (1989) (note: a good summary of approaches, but somewhat out of date)
• Lunar processing links from David Dietzler
• LLOX automated production summary (1990)
• The Moon: Resources, Future Development, and Colonization by David Schrunk, Burton Sharpe, Bonnie Cooper and Madhu Thangavelu - appendix E covers a wide range of oxygen extraction methods.

References

One reference useful as an overview is The Moon: Resources, Future Development, and Colonization, by David Schrunk, Burton Sharpe, Bonnie Cooper and Madhu Thangavelu.

From review by Arthur Smith on ADB: "In particular Appendix E's coverage of oxygen extraction is extremely thorough, and the authors, while finding it somewhat difficult to directly compare techniques, find 4 of the approaches worthy of considerable further research: hydrogen reduction of glass, magma electrolysis, sulfuric acid dissolution/electrolysis, and ion sputtering."