Bismuth
| Bismuth | |
|---|---|
| Bi | |
| In situ availability: | |
| Necessity: | |
| Atomic number: | 83 |
| Atomic mass: | 208.98038 |
| group: | 15 |
| period: | 6 |
| normal phase: | Solid |
| series: | Poor Metals |
| density: | 9.78 g/cm3 |
| melting point: | 544.7K, 271.5°C, 520.7°F |
| boiling point: | 1837K, 1564°C, 2847°F |
| Sn ← Sb → Te | |
| Pb ← Bi → Po | |
| Uuq ← Uup → Uuh | |
| Atomic radius (pm): | 160 |
| Bohr radius (pm): | 143 |
| Covalent radius (pm): | 146 |
| Van der Waals radius (pm): | |
| ionic radius (pm): | (+3) 103 |
| 1st ion potential (eV): | 7.29 |
| Electron Configuration | |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p3 | |
| Electrons Per Shell | |
| 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 | |
| Electronegativity: | 1.9 |
| Electron Affinity: | 0.95 |
| Oxidation states: | 3, 5 |
| Magnetism: | Diamagnetic |
| Crystal structure: | Rhombohedral |
Bismuth is a Poor Metal in group 15.
It has a Rhombohedral crystalline structure.
This element has no stable isotopes. However, its longest lived isotope (209Bi) has a half-life of about 1.9*1019 years or ten-thousand-million-billion years. That is a time so long that only a small fraction of all of the bismuth that has ever been has decayed in the time that the universed has existed. Before French researchers measured the alpha particles given off given off by the decay of bismuth-209 in 2003 this isotope was generally regarded as stable with only theoretical reasons for thinking that it should be unstable. It is stable enough to be used in the antidiarrheal medicine Pepto-Bismol and in the bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide family of superconducting alloys.
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