Hafnium
| Hafnium | |
|---|---|
| Hf | |
| In situ availability: | |
| Necessity: | |
| Atomic number: | 72 |
| Atomic mass: | 178.49 |
| group: | 4 |
| period: | 6 |
| normal phase: | Solid |
| series: | Transition Metals |
| density: | 13.31 g/cm3 |
| melting point: | 2506K, 2233°C, 4051°F |
| boiling point: | 4876K, 4603°C, 8317°F |
| Y ← Zr → Nb | |
| Lu ← Hf → Ta | |
| Ac ← Rf → Db | |
| Atomic radius (pm): | 155 |
| Bohr radius (pm): | 208 |
| Covalent radius (pm): | 150 |
| Van der Waals radius (pm): | |
| ionic radius (pm): | (+4) 83 |
| 1st ion potential (eV): | 6.83 |
| Electron Configuration | |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d2 6s2 | |
| Electrons Per Shell | |
| 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 | |
| Electronegativity: | 1.3 |
| Electron Affinity: | ~0 |
| Oxidation states: | 4 |
| Magnetism: | ? |
| Crystal structure: | Hexagonal |
Hafnium is a Transition Metal in group 4.
It has a Hexagonal crystalline structure.
This element has 5 stable isotopes: 176, 177, 178, 179, and 180.
It forms part of the substance of the highest known melting point compound, tantalum-hafnium-carbide (Ta4HfC5), with a melting point of approximately 4215 C.[1] Hafnium is always found in nature mixed with zirconium whose ores often contain 1% to 5% hafnium.[2] Hafnium is used in nuclear fission reactor control rods because of its high neutron absorption cross section.
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