Difference between revisions of "List of Offworld Medical Risks"

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This is a list of articles covering dangers to our people and mission.
 
This is a list of articles covering dangers to our people and mission.
  
The lists of hazards and categories below is similar to those used by NASA and the DOD in Systems Safety Analysis.
+
The lists of [[hazard]]s and categories below is similar to those used by [[NASA]] and the [[DOD]] in [[Systems Safety]] Analysis.  
  
==Physchological==
+
This field can be difficult and confusing, and it helps to have some clear definitions.
  
*[[Agoraphobia]]
+
e.g.
*[[Claustrophobia]]
 
*[[Depression]]
 
*[[Circadian Rhythm Dysfunction]]
 
  
==Physiological==
+
*[[Mishap]]: an unintended condition or event which can result in illness, death, partial or total disability, and/or injury. An [[accident]] is an example of a mishap, so are [[infection]]s, or chronic exposure to toxic agents.
  
*[[Acoustic damage]]
+
*[[Hazard]]: the finite possibility (non-zero probability) of a [[Mishap]]
*[[G Forces]]
 
*[[Bone Loss]]
 
*[[Muscular Atrophy]]
 
*[[Radiation Sickness]] - e.g. cosmic rays, solar radiation, nuclear piles, RTGs
 
*[[Radiation Problem]] -- A discussion of radiation shielding requirements.
 
*[[Cancer]] induced by radiation or carcinogens
 
*[[Medical Emergencies]]
 
*[[Meteor Hazards]] -- Will a meteor fall on your head?
 
*[[Telemedecine]]
 
*[[Lack of medical supplies]]
 
*[[Lack of medical expertise]]
 
*[[Industrial Accidents]]
 
*[[Roof Support]] -- Consider the problem of roof colaspe.
 
*[[Fire]]
 
  
*[[Food poisoning]]
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*[[Risk]]: there are a couple of different definitions of risk. A colloquial definition is the probability of a hazard, which is not quite the same thing as a hazard by itself
*[[Poor Sanitation]]
 
*[[Dehydration]]
 
*[[Vitamin Defecit]]
 
  
===Lack of Breathable Atmosphere===
+
*[[Risk level]]: in NASA/military parlance, a "risk Level" is a combination of the Severity of a mishap/hazard, combined with the Probability of mishap/hazard.
  
*[[Inhaling Lunar Dust]]
+
Typical usage of "Risk Level" can be as follows:
*[[Dust]] -- Probably the greatest hazard to a lunar settlement (Article promised)
+
 
*[[Silicosis]] is a disease of the lungs caused by breathing very fine silica dust particles, such as [[lunar dust]]
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{| width=75%
*[[Smoke inhalation]]
+
| width=11% | '''Severity '''
*[[Asphyxiation]] - e.g. from Nitrogen, Helium or other inert gases
+
| width=11% | '''Probability'''
*[[Carbon Dioxide]]
+
| width=66% | '''Comment '''
*[[Hypoxia]]
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|-
 +
| colspan="3" height="0" style="border:solid #BFBFBF 1px" |
 +
|-
 +
| [[High]] || [[High]]|| Unacceptable or emergency situation needing immediate attention ||
 +
|-
 +
| [[Low]] || [[High]] || Perhaps acceptable to deal with via precautions, e.g. protective equipment and training ||
 +
|-  
 +
| [[High]] || [[Low]] || Extensive verifiable Hazard controls required ||
 +
|-  
 +
| [[Low]] || [[Low]] || Probably acceptable, might not need special precautions ||
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
 
 +
*Hazard Cause: There can be confusion between a hazard versus a hazard cause. For simplicity, it can be useful to consider a hazard as a final condition or undesirable event. A hazard cause is a precursor condition or triggering event which could result in a hazard. For example, electrical or mechanical component failures are hazard causes which can result in hazards such as collision or explosion.
 +
 
 +
*Hazard Control: a product feature, or procedural step, which tends to prevent a hazard. Such as an arming switch, or structural margin of safety.
 +
 
 +
==Psychological/Human Factors==
 +
 
 +
*[[Agoraphobia]]
 +
*[[Claustrophobia]]
 +
*[[Depression]]
 +
*[[Circadian Rhythm Dysfunction]]
 +
*[[Fatigue]] fatigue can result in operator error
 +
*[[Training]] operators need to be well trained in dangerous tasks
 +
*[[Information]] accurate and useful information must be displayed to operators in a timely manner to permit correct decisions
 +
*[[Procedures]] - checklists, operating manuals, help docs and procedures must be correct, complete, readable, comprehensible and anticipate unusual scenarios
 +
 
 +
==Physiological==
 +
 
 +
===Zero or Low Gravity===
 +
 
 +
*[[Bone Loss]]
 +
*[[Muscular Atrophy]]
 +
*[[Immune Deficiency]]
 +
 
 +
===Physical Environments===
 +
*[[Acoustic damage]]
 +
*[[G Force]] - broken bones, blackout, high speed projectiles
 +
*[[Confined Space]] a person trapped in a confined space can run out of air
 +
*[[Meteor Hazard]] -- Will a meteor puncture (decompress) your pressurized living space?
 +
*[[Industrial Accident]] (the list is endless)
 +
*[[Roof Support]] -- Consider the problem of roof collapse.
 +
*[[Collision]] vehicles, spacecraft
 +
*[[Suspended Load]] -- e.g. cables fail resulting in large falling objects
 +
*[[Construction activity]] -- falling cranes, bulldozers crushing workers
 +
 
 +
===Medical Treatment===
 +
 
 +
*[[Medical Emergencies]]
 +
*[[Telemedecine]]
 +
*[[Lack of medical equipment]]
 +
*[[Lack of drug]] e.g. vaccines, antibiotics, treatments for various conditions
 +
*[[Lack of medical expertise]]
 +
 
 +
===Fire/Explosion===
 +
 
 +
*[[Flammable Atmosphere]] - a stoichiometric mix of oxygen/air with a flammable vapor can result in large explosion
 +
*[[Flammable Material]]
 +
*[[Ignition Source]]
 +
*[[Flammable Gas]]
 +
*[[Flammable Liquid]]
 +
*[[Oxygen]]
 +
*[[Oxidizer]]
 +
 
 +
===Toxins===
 +
 
 +
*[[Toxic materials]] - e.g. Hydrazine and other propellants
 +
*[[Toxic gasses]]
 +
*[[Liquid Toxins]]
 +
*[[Solid Toxins]]
 +
*[[Carcinogens]]
 +
 
 +
===Corrosives===
 +
 
 +
*[[Chemical burns]]
 +
 
 +
===Temperature Extremes===
 +
 
 +
*[[Cold Burns]]
 +
*[[Hot Burns]]
 +
*[[Hypothermia]]
 +
*[[Frostbite]]
 +
*[[Heatstroke]]
 +
 
 +
===Non-Ionizing Radiation===
 +
 
 +
*[[Lasers]]
 +
*[[RF]]
 +
*[[Infrared]]  
 +
*[[Concentrated Sunlight]]  
 +
 
 +
===Ionizing Radiation===
 +
 
 +
*[[Radiation Sickness]] - e.g. cosmic rays, solar radiation, nuclear piles, RTGs
 +
*[[Radiation Problem]] -- A discussion of radiation shielding requirements.
 +
*[[Cancer]] induced by radiation or carcinogens
 +
*[[Radioactive Materials]]
 +
*[[Radioactive Particles]] - ions (ionized atoms), protons, neutrons, electrons and other high speed subatomic particles
 +
*[[Ionizing Photons]] - X-ray, Gamma-ray, Ultra-violet
 +
*[[Passive Sterilization]] -due to exposure to radiation
  
===Toxins===
+
===Lack of Breathable Atmosphere===  
  
*[[Toxic materials]] - e.g. Hydrazine and other propellants
+
*[[Inhaling Lunar Dust]]
*[[Toxic gasses]]
+
*[[Dust]] - lunar dust represents pervasive and unusual problems
*[[Liquid Toxins]]
+
*[[Silicosis]] is a disease of the lungs caused by breathing very fine silica dust particles, such as [[lunar dust]]
*[[Solid Toxins]]
+
*[[Smoke inhalation]]
 +
*[[Asphyxiation]] - e.g. from Nitrogen, Helium or other inert gases
 +
*[[Carbon Dioxide]]  
 +
*[[Hypoxia]]
  
===Corrosives===
+
===Inadequate Food/Water===  
  
*[[Chemical burns]]
+
*[[Food poisoning]]
 +
*[[Poor Sanitation]]
 +
*[[Dehydration]]
 +
*[[Vitamin Deficit]]  
  
===Temperature Problems===
+
===Improper Pressure===  
  
*[[Cold Burns]]
+
*[[Burst eardrums]]  
*[[Hot Burns]]
+
*[[Throat irritation]] - from breathing pure low pressure O2
*[[Hypothermia]]
+
*[[Exposure to Vacuum]] or [[Decompression]]  
*[[Frostbite]]
+
*[[The Bends]]  
*[[Heatstroke]]
+
*[[Nitrogen Narcosis]]  
  
===Pressure Problems===
 
  
*[[Burst eardrums]]
+
{{hazards}}
*[[Throat irritation]] - from breathing pure low pressure O2
 
*[[Exposure to Vacuum]]
 
*[[The Bends]]
 
*[[Nitrogen Narcosis]]
 
  
 
[[Category:Hazards]]
 
[[Category:Hazards]]
[[Category:Life Support]]
 
[[Category:Life Support (Air Supply)]]
 
[[Category:Life Support (Water Supply)]]
 
[[Category:Food]]
 
[[Category:Life Support (Plumbing)]]
 
[[Category:Life Support (Sanitation)]]
 
[[Category:Life Support (Refuse Collection)]]
 
[[Category:Life Support (Recycling)]]
 

Latest revision as of 19:03, 20 October 2013

This is a list of articles covering dangers to our people and mission.

The lists of hazards and categories below is similar to those used by NASA and the DOD in Systems Safety Analysis.

This field can be difficult and confusing, and it helps to have some clear definitions.

e.g.

  • Mishap: an unintended condition or event which can result in illness, death, partial or total disability, and/or injury. An accident is an example of a mishap, so are infections, or chronic exposure to toxic agents.
  • Hazard: the finite possibility (non-zero probability) of a Mishap
  • Risk: there are a couple of different definitions of risk. A colloquial definition is the probability of a hazard, which is not quite the same thing as a hazard by itself
  • Risk level: in NASA/military parlance, a "risk Level" is a combination of the Severity of a mishap/hazard, combined with the Probability of mishap/hazard.

Typical usage of "Risk Level" can be as follows:

Severity Probability Comment
High High Unacceptable or emergency situation needing immediate attention
Low High Perhaps acceptable to deal with via precautions, e.g. protective equipment and training
High Low Extensive verifiable Hazard controls required
Low Low Probably acceptable, might not need special precautions


  • Hazard Cause: There can be confusion between a hazard versus a hazard cause. For simplicity, it can be useful to consider a hazard as a final condition or undesirable event. A hazard cause is a precursor condition or triggering event which could result in a hazard. For example, electrical or mechanical component failures are hazard causes which can result in hazards such as collision or explosion.
  • Hazard Control: a product feature, or procedural step, which tends to prevent a hazard. Such as an arming switch, or structural margin of safety.

Psychological/Human Factors

Physiological

Zero or Low Gravity

Physical Environments

Medical Treatment

Fire/Explosion

Toxins

Corrosives

Temperature Extremes

Non-Ionizing Radiation

Ionizing Radiation

Lack of Breathable Atmosphere

Inadequate Food/Water

Improper Pressure


Hazards