Copper
| Copper | |
|---|---|
| Cu | |
| In situ availability: | |
| Necessity: | essential |
| Atomic number: | 29 |
| Atomic mass: | 63.546 |
| group: | 11 |
| period: | 4 |
| normal phase: | Solid |
| series: | Transition Metals |
| density: | 8.96 g/cm3 |
| melting point: | 1357.77K, 1084.62°C, 1984.32°F |
| boiling point: | 2835K, 2562°C, 4643°F |
| N/A ← N/A → N/A | |
| Ni ← Cu → Zn | |
| Pd ← Ag → Cd | |
| Atomic radius (pm): | 135 |
| Bohr radius (pm): | 145 |
| Covalent radius (pm): | 138 |
| Van der Waals radius (pm): | 140 |
| ionic radius (pm): | (+2) 73 |
| 1st ion potential (eV): | 7.73 |
| Electron Configuration | |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 | |
| Electrons Per Shell | |
| 2, 8, 18, 1 | |
| Electronegativity: | 1.9 |
| Electron Affinity: | 1.24 |
| Oxidation states: | 2, 1 |
| Magnetism: | Diamagnetic |
| Crystal structure: | Orthorhombic |
Copper is a Transition Metal in group 11. It has a Orthorhombic crystalline structure.
This element has two stable isotopes: 63 and 65.
Copper seems to be rare on the Moon. As it is one of the main industrial metal, it will either be imported or replaced by aluminum. Replacement of copper by aluminum on Earth has been accomplished in a number of fields, but a lot of work would be required to replace all uses of copper. On Earth copper is extracted at a ratio of about 0,6% compared to Iron (1:150). And 1:3 compared to aluminum.
Copper is an essential trace element in food. A typical human body contains 0,000072 kg[1]. For one million persons the copper required would be 72 kg. For an entire ecosystem serving these one million people the amount required might be about ten tonnes (hypothetical ratio of 100:1).
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