Titanium
| Titanium | |
|---|---|
| Ti | |
| In situ availability: | |
| Necessity: | |
| Atomic number: | 22 |
| Atomic mass: | 47.867 |
| group: | 4 |
| period: | 4 |
| normal phase: | Solid |
| series: | Transition Metals |
| density: | 4.506 g/cm3 |
| melting point: | 1941K, 1668°C, 3034°F |
| boiling point: | 3560K, 3287°C, 5949°F |
| N/A ← N/A → N/A | |
| Sc ← Ti → V | |
| Y ← Zr → Nb | |
| Atomic radius (pm): | 140 |
| Bohr radius (pm): | 176 |
| Covalent radius (pm): | 136 |
| Van der Waals radius (pm): | |
| ionic radius (pm): | (+4) 61 |
| 1st ion potential (eV): | 6.83 |
| Electron Configuration | |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d2 4s2 | |
| Electrons Per Shell | |
| 2, 8, 10, 2 | |
| Electronegativity: | 1.54 |
| Electron Affinity: | 0.08 |
| Oxidation states: | 4 |
| Magnetism: | Paramagnetic |
| Crystal structure: | Hexagonal |
Titanium is a Transition Metal in group 4.
It has a Hexagonal crystalline structure.
This element has two stable isotopes: 46 and 50.
"Titanium occurs primarily in the minerals anatase, brookite, ilmenite, leucoxene, perovskite, rutile, and sphene. Of these minerals, only ilmenite, leucoxene, and rutile have significant economic importance. As a metal, titanium is well known for corrosion resistance and for its high strength-to-weight ratio. Approximately 95% of titanium is consumed in the form of titanium dioxide (TiO2), a white pigment in paints, paper, and plastics. TiO2 pigment is characterized by its purity, refractive index, particle size, and surface properties. To develop optimum pigment properties, the particle size is controlled within the range of about 0.2 to 0.4 micrometer. The superiority of TiO2 as a white pigment is due mainly to its high refractive index and resulting light-scattering ability, which impart excellent hiding power and brightness." - USGS Titanium Statistics and Information[1]
Lunar Titanium Process
Main Article Lunar Titanium Production
There are questions to be settled about processing ores into titanium stock and finished products on Luna. What sort of casting is suitable for titanium on Luna? Today on Earth most titanium is produced by the Kroll process using rutile, natural or artificial. Can an economic process be developed for Luna using lunar ilmenite? Can ilmenite be mechanically separated from iron oxide? Both are magnetic.
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