GFDL:List of Apollo Astronaut Crews
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This is a list of all astronauts directly associated with NASA's Apollo program. A total of thirty-eight astronauts flew in Apollo spacecraft, twenty-nine of whom were part of the Apollo program, the rest being Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz astronauts. Twenty-four of the Apollo program astronauts left Earth's orbit and flew around the Moon (Apollo 7 and Apollo 9 did not leave low Earth orbit).
Twelve of those astronauts landed on the Moon and walked on its surface, and six of those drove a lunar rover on the Moon. While three astronauts had flown to the Moon twice, none of them landed on the Moon more than once. The nine Apollo missions to the moon all occurred between December 1968 and December 1972.
Apart from those twenty-four people who visited the moon, no human being has ever left low Earth orbit. They have, therefore, been farther from the Earth than anyone else. They are also the only people to have seen the far side of the Moon directly. The twelve who walked on the moon are the only people ever to have set foot on an astronomical object other than the Earth.
Astronauts who flew on Apollo, listed by class
From Astronaut Group 1
- Walter Marty Schirra, Jr., USN – Apollo 7
- Alan Bartlett Shepard, Jr., USN – Apollo 14
From Astronaut Group 2
- Neil Alden Armstrong – Apollo 11
- Frank Frederick Borman, USAF – Apollo 8
- Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr., USN – Apollo 12, Skylab 2
- James Arthur Lovell, Jr., USN – Apollo 8, Apollo 13
- James Alton McDivitt, USAF – Apollo 9
- Thomas Patten Stafford, USAF – Apollo 10, Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
- John Watts Young, USN – Apollo 10, Apollo 16
From Astronaut Group 3
- Buzz Aldrin, USAF – Apollo 11
- William Alison Anders, USAF – Apollo 8
- Alan LaVern Bean, USN – Apollo 12, Skylab 3
- Eugene Andrew Cernan, USN – Apollo 10, Apollo 17
- Michael Collins, USAF – Apollo 11
- Walter Cunningham – Apollo 7
- Donn Fulton Eisele, USAF – Apollo 7
- Richard Francis Gordon, USN – Apollo 12
- Russell Louis "Rusty" Schweickart, USAF – Apollo 9
- David Randolph Scott, USAF – Apollo 9, Apollo 15
From Astronaut Group 4
- Harrison Hagan "Jack" Schmitt – Apollo 17
From Astronaut Group 5
- Charles Moss Duke, USAF – Apollo 16
- Ronald Ellwin Evans, USN – Apollo 17
- Fred Wallace Haise, USMC – Apollo 13
- James Benson Irwin, USAF – Apollo 15
- Thomas Kenneth Mattingly, USN – Apollo 16
- Edgar Dean Mitchell, USN – Apollo 14
- Stuart Allen Roosa, USAF – Apollo 14
- John Leonard "Jack" Swigert, Jr., USAF – Apollo 13
- Alfred Merrill Worden, USAF – Apollo 15
In addition, the following astronauts flew on post-Apollo missions using Apollo hardware:
From the Mercury Seven
- Donald Kent "Deke" Slayton, USAF – Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
From Astronaut Group 4
- Owen Kay Garriott – Skylab 3
- Edward George Gibson – Skylab 4
- Joseph Peter Kerwin, USN – Skylab 2
From Astronaut Group 5
- Vance DeVoe Brand, USMC – Skylab Rescue (never flown), Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
- Gerald Paul Carr, USMC (had been slated to land by Apollo 19) – Skylab 4
- Jack Robert Lousma USMC, (had been slated to land by Apollo 20) - Skylab 3
- William Reid Pogue, USAF – Skylab 4
- Paul Joseph Weitz, USN – Skylab 2
Apollo astronauts who flew to the Moon without landing
On each of the missions listed above one astronaut orbited the Moon while the other two landed. In addition each of the Apollo 8, Apollo 10, and Apollo 13 missions had a three-person crew and closely encountered the Moon (entering orbit in the case of the former two missions, while Apollo 13 only passed around it). Jim Lovell is the only human to have flown to the Moon twice without landing on it. Thus twelve more people have been within a few hundred kilometres of the Moon (along with Young and Cernan who flew out to the Moon and back without landing, but landed on subsequent missions):
Apollo 8 was the first manned mission to reach the Moon
- Frank Borman - Apollo 8
- Jim Lovell - Apollo 8, Apollo 13 (intended to land)
- William Anders - Apollo 8
- Tom Stafford - Apollo 10
- John Young - Apollo 10 (later landed on Apollo 16)
- Eugene Cernan - Apollo 10 (later landed on Apollo 17)
- Michael Collins - Apollo 11
- Dick Gordon - Apollo 12 (had been slated to land on Apollo 18) [5]
- Jack Swigert - Apollo 13
- Fred Haise - Apollo 13 (intended to land; had been slated to land on Apollo 19) [5]
- Stuart Roosa - Apollo 14 (he had also been slated to land on the moon with Apollo 20)
- Al Worden - Apollo 15
- Ken Mattingly - Apollo 16
- Ronald Evans - Apollo 17
Other Apollo astronauts
Apollo 7 and Apollo 9 orbited the Earth only; therefore these five Apollo astronauts never went to the Moon:
- Walter Schirra - Apollo 7
- Donn Eisele - Apollo 7 (was on backup-crew for Apollo 10)
- Walter Cunningham - Apollo 7
- James McDivitt - Apollo 9
- Rusty Schweickart - Apollo 9 (was on backup-crew for Skylab 2)
- (David Scott from Apollo 9 went on to land on the Moon in Apollo 15)
Backup crewmembers who never flew an Apollo flight
Each Apollo flight had a backup crew who trained to carry out the mission if the original crew was unable to fly. Only one backup crew member was ever used: Jack Swigert switched places with Ken Mattingly after Mattingly had been exposed to German measles a few days prior to the launch of Apollo 13. (Mattingly later flew aboard Apollo 16). However, shortly before the launch of Apollo 17, Eugene Cernan badly injured his leg playing softball and only just recovered in time for the mission. Had he been unable to fly he would have been replaced by back-up commander John Young, who would have become the only man to walk on the moon twice and would have done so on consecutive missions.
Gordon Cooper - backup commander for Apollo 10 - lost the primary commander slot on Apollo 13 to Alan Shepard and resigned from NASA in 1970. Joe Henry Engle - backup lunar module pilot for Apollo 14 - lost the primary pilot slot on Apollo 17 to Harrison Schmitt after the cancellation of Apollo 18. Engle later flew on the Space Shuttle Enterprise and commanded STS-2 with astronaut Richard Truly in 1981. He also commanded Discovery on STS-51-I in 1985.
Apollo astronauts who walked on the Moon
As of 2009, twelve people have walked on the Moon. All human landings so far took place between July 1969 and December 1972, as part of the Apollo program.
(Name, Born, Died, First Step Year, Employer)
- Neil Armstrong - August 5, 1930 - Apollo 11
- Buzz Aldrin - January 20, 1930 - Apollo 11
- Pete Conrad - June 2, 1930 - Apollo 12
- Alan Bean - March 15, 1932 - Apollo 12
- Alan Shepard - November 18, 1923 - Apollo 14
- Edgar Mitchell - September 17, 1930 - Apollo 14
- David Scott - June 6, 1932 - Apollo 15
- James Irwin - March 17, 1930 - Apollo 15
- John W. Young - September 24, 1930 - Apollo 16
- Charles Duke - October 3, 1935 - Apollo 16
- Eugene Cernan - March 14, 1934 - Apollo 17
- Harrison Schmitt - July 3, 1935 - Apollo 17
Regarding "the last man to walk on the moon", Schmitt is the last man to arrive (as Cernan got out of the Apollo Lunar Module first), but Cernan is the last man to leave (after final EVA, Schmitt went inside the module first). Duke was the youngest, at age 36 (+6mo); Shepard was the oldest, at age 47 (+2mo).
James A. Lovell, John Young, and Eugene Cernan are the only three astronauts to fly more than one lunar mission (two each). Of these three, only Lovell did not walk on the lunar surface. Lovell and Fred Haise were prevented from walking on the Moon by the malfunction on Apollo 13 that resulted in the mission being aborted.
Joe Engle had also trained to explore the Moon with Cernan as the backup crew for Apollo 14, but Engle was later replaced by geologist Harrison Schmitt when the primary crew for Apollo 17 was selected. Schmitt had been crewed with Dick Gordon in anticipation for Apollo 18. But when Apollo 18 was canceled, Schmitt bumped Engle, leaving Gordon as the last Apollo astronaut who had trained extensively for lunar exploration without ever getting a chance to fly a lunar landing.
